#ifndef DOUBLE_PRECISION # define VREC vsrec # define VSQRT vssqrt #else # define VREC vrec # define VSQRT vsqrt #endif MODULE module_mp_wsm7 ! USE module_mp_radar USE module_model_constants, only : RE_QC_BG, RE_QI_BG, RE_QS_BG ! REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dtcldcr = 120. ! maximum time step for minor loops REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0r = 8.e6 ! intercept parameter rain REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0g = 4.e6 ! intercept parameter graupel REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0h = 4.e4 ! intercept parameter hail REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: avtr = 841.9 ! a constant for terminal velocity of rain REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: bvtr = 0.8 ! a constant for terminal velocity of rain REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: r0 = .8e-5 ! 8 microm in contrast to 10 micro m REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: peaut = .55 ! collection efficiency REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: xncr = 3.e8 ! maritime cloud in contrast to 3.e8 in tc80 REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: xmyu = 1.718e-5 ! the dynamic viscosity kgm-1s-1 REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: avts = 11.72 ! a constant for terminal velocity of snow REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: bvts = .41 ! a constant for terminal velocity of snow REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: avtg = 330. ! a constant for terminal velocity of graupel REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: bvtg = 0.8 ! a constant for terminal velocity of graupel REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: deng = 500. ! density of graupel REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: avth = 285. ! a constant for terminal velocity of hail REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: bvth = 0.8 ! a constant for terminal velocity of hail REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: denh = 912. ! density of hail REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0smax = 1.e11 ! maximum n0s (t=-90C unlimited) REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: lamdarmax = 8.e4 ! limited maximum value for slope parameter of rain REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: lamdasmax = 1.e5 ! limited maximum value for slope parameter of snow REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: lamdagmax = 6.e4 ! limited maximum value for slope parameter of graupel REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: lamdahmax = 2.e4 ! limited maximum value for slope parameter of hail REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dicon = 11.9 ! constant for the cloud-ice diamter REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dimax = 500.e-6 ! limited maximum value for the cloud-ice diamter REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0s = 2.e6 ! temperature dependent intercept parameter snow REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: alpha = .12 ! .122 exponen factor for n0s REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: pfrz1 = 100. ! constant in Biggs freezing REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: pfrz2 = 0.66 ! constant in Biggs freezing REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: qcrmin = 1.e-9 ! minimun values for qr, qs, and qg REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: eacrc = 1.0 ! Snow/cloud-water collection efficiency REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: eachr = 1.0 ! Hail/rain collection efficiency REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: eachs = 1.0 ! Hail/snow collection efficiency REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: eachg = 0.5 ! Hail/graupel collection efficiency REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dens = 100.0 ! Density of snow REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: qs0 = 6.e-4 ! threshold amount for aggretion to occur REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: t00 = 238.16 REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: t01 = 273.16 REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: cd = 0.6 ! drag coefficient for hailsone REAL, SAVE :: & qc0, qck1, pidnc, & bvtr1,bvtr2,bvtr3,bvtr4,g1pbr, & g3pbr,g4pbr,g5pbro2,pvtr,eacrr,pacrr, & bvtr6,g6pbr, & precr1,precr2,roqimax,bvts1, & bvts2,bvts3,bvts4,g1pbs,g3pbs,g4pbs, & g5pbso2,pvts,pacrs,precs1,precs2,pidn0r, & pidn0s,xlv1,pacrc,pi, & bvtg1,bvtg2,bvtg3,bvtg4,g1pbg, & g3pbg,g4pbg,g5pbgo2,g6pbgh,pvtg,pacrg, & precg1,precg2,precg3,pidn0g, & bvth2,bvth3,bvth4, & g3pbh,g4pbh,g5pbho2,pvth,pacrh, & prech1,prech2,prech3,pidn0h, & rslopermax,rslopesmax,rslopegmax,rslopehmax, & rsloperbmax,rslopesbmax,rslopegbmax,rslopehbmax, & rsloper2max,rslopes2max,rslopeg2max,rslopeh2max, & rsloper3max,rslopes3max,rslopeg3max,rslopeh3max CONTAINS !=================================================================== ! SUBROUTINE wsm7(th, q, qc, qr, qi, qs, qg, qh & ,den, pii, p, delz & ,delt,g, cpd, cpv, rd, rv, t0c & ,ep1, ep2, qmin & ,XLS, XLV0, XLF0, den0, denr & ,cliq,cice,psat & ,rain, rainncv & ,snow, snowncv & ,sr & ,refl_10cm, diagflag, do_radar_ref & ,graupel, graupelncv & ,hail, hailncv & ,has_reqc, has_reqi, has_reqs & ! for radiation ,re_cloud, re_ice, re_snow & ! for radiation ,ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde & ,ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme & ,its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte & ) !------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde , & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme , & its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme , jms:jme ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: & th, & q, & qc, & qi, & qr, & qs, & qg, & qh REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme , jms:jme ), & INTENT(IN ) :: & den, & pii, & p, & delz REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: delt, & g, & rd, & rv, & t0c, & den0, & cpd, & cpv, & ep1, & ep2, & qmin, & XLS, & XLV0, & XLF0, & cliq, & cice, & psat, & denr REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: rain, & rainncv, & sr ! ! for radiation connecting ! INTEGER, INTENT(IN):: & has_reqc, & has_reqi, & has_reqs REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), & INTENT(INOUT):: & re_cloud, & re_ice, & re_snow !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), INTENT(INOUT):: & ! GT refl_10cm !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), OPTIONAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: snow, & snowncv REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), OPTIONAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: graupel, & graupelncv REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ), OPTIONAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: hail, & hailncv ! ! local variables ! REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: t REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte, 2 ) :: qci REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte, 4 ) :: qrs INTEGER :: i,j,k !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: qv1d, t1d, p1d, qr1d, qs1d, qg1d, dBZ LOGICAL, OPTIONAL, INTENT(IN) :: diagflag INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(IN) :: do_radar_ref ! ! to calculate effective radius for radiation ! REAL, DIMENSION( kts:kte ) :: den1d REAL, DIMENSION( kts:kte ) :: qc1d REAL, DIMENSION( kts:kte ) :: qi1d REAL, DIMENSION( kts:kte ) :: re_qc, re_qi, re_qs !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DO j=jts,jte DO k=kts,kte DO i=its,ite t(i,k)=th(i,k,j)*pii(i,k,j) qci(i,k,1) = qc(i,k,j) qci(i,k,2) = qi(i,k,j) qrs(i,k,1) = qr(i,k,j) qrs(i,k,2) = qs(i,k,j) qrs(i,k,3) = qg(i,k,j) qrs(i,k,4) = qh(i,k,j) ENDDO ENDDO ! Sending array starting locations of optional variables may cause ! troubles, so we explicitly change the call. CALL wsm72D(t, q(ims,kms,j), qci, qrs & ,den(ims,kms,j) & ,p(ims,kms,j), delz(ims,kms,j) & ,delt,g, cpd, cpv, rd, rv, t0c & ,ep1, ep2, qmin & ,XLS, XLV0, XLF0, den0, denr & ,cliq,cice,psat & ,j & ,rain(ims,j),rainncv(ims,j) & ,sr(ims,j) & ,ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde & ,ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme & ,its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte & ,snow,snowncv & ,graupel,graupelncv & ,hail,hailncv & ) DO K=kts,kte DO I=its,ite th(i,k,j)=t(i,k)/pii(i,k,j) qc(i,k,j) = qci(i,k,1) qi(i,k,j) = qci(i,k,2) qr(i,k,j) = qrs(i,k,1) qs(i,k,j) = qrs(i,k,2) qg(i,k,j) = qrs(i,k,3) qh(i,k,j) = qrs(i,k,4) ENDDO ENDDO !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ IF ( PRESENT (diagflag) ) THEN if (diagflag .and. do_radar_ref == 1) then DO I=its,ite DO K=kts,kte t1d(k)=th(i,k,j)*pii(i,k,j) p1d(k)=p(i,k,j) qv1d(k)=q(i,k,j) qr1d(k)=qr(i,k,j) qs1d(k)=qs(i,k,j) qg1d(k)=qg(i,k,j) ENDDO call refl10cm_wsm7 (qv1d, qr1d, qs1d, qg1d, & t1d, p1d, dBZ, kts, kte, i, j) do k = kts, kte refl_10cm(i,k,j) = MAX(-35., dBZ(k)) enddo ENDDO endif ENDIF ! if (has_reqc.ne.0 .and. has_reqi.ne.0 .and. has_reqs.ne.0) then do i=its,ite do k=kts,kte re_qc(k) = RE_QC_BG re_qi(k) = RE_QI_BG re_qs(k) = RE_QS_BG ! t1d(k) = th(i,k,j)*pii(i,k,j) den1d(k)= den(i,k,j) qc1d(k) = qc(i,k,j) qi1d(k) = qi(i,k,j) qs1d(k) = qs(i,k,j) enddo ! call effectRad_wsm7(t1d, qc1d, qi1d, qs1d, den1d, & qmin, t0c, re_qc, re_qi, re_qs, & kts, kte, i, j) ! do k=kts,kte re_cloud(i,k,j) = MAX(RE_QC_BG, MIN(re_qc(k), 50.E-6)) re_ice(i,k,j) = MAX(RE_QI_BG, MIN(re_qi(k), 125.E-6)) re_snow(i,k,j) = MAX(RE_QS_BG, MIN(re_qs(k), 999.E-6)) enddo enddo endif ! if has_reqc ne 0 end ! ENDDO END SUBROUTINE wsm7 !=================================================================== ! SUBROUTINE wsm72D(t, q & ,qci, qrs, den, p, delz & ,delt,g, cpd, cpv, rd, rv, t0c & ,ep1, ep2, qmin & ,XLS, XLV0, XLF0, den0, denr & ,cliq,cice,psat & ,lat & ,rain,rainncv & ,sr & ,ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde & ,ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme & ,its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte & ,snow,snowncv & ,graupel,graupelncv & ,hail,hailncv & ) !------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! This code is a 7-class hail phase microphyiscs scheme (WSM7) of the ! Single-Moment MicroPhyiscs (WSMMP, Bae et al. 2018). The WSMMP assumes ! assumes that ice nuclei number concentration is a function of temperature, ! and seperate assumption is developed, in which ice crystal number ! concentration is a function of ice amount. A theoretical background of ! the ice-microphysics and related processes in the WSMMPs are described ! in Hong et al. (2004). ! All production terms in the WSM7 scheme are described in Bae et al (2018). ! All units are in m.k.s. and source/sink terms in kgkg-1s-1. ! ! WSM7 cloud scheme ! ! Coded by Soo Ya Bae (KIAPS) Winter 2015 ! ! Implemented by Soo Ya Bae (KIAPS) Winter 2018 ! ! further modifications : ! semi-lagrangian sedimentation (JH,2010),hong, aug 2009 ! ==> higher accuracy and efficient at lower resolutions ! reflectivity computation from greg thompson, lim, jun 2011 ! ==> only diagnostic, but with removal of too large drops ! add hail option from afwa, aug 2014 ! ==> switch graupel or hail by changing no, den, fall vel. ! effective radius of hydrometeors, bae from kiaps, jan 2015 ! ==> consistency in solar insolation of rrtmg radiation ! ! References: ! Bae, Hong, Tao (BHT, 2018) Asia-Pacific J. Atmos. Sci. ! Hong, Dudhia, Chen (HDC, 2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. ! Hong and Lim (HL, 2006) J. Korean Meteor. Soc. ! Dudhia, Hong and Lim (DHL, 2008) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan ! Lin, Farley, Orville (LFO, 1983) J. Appl. Meteor. ! Rutledge, Hobbs (RH83, 1983) J. Atmos. Sci. ! Rutledge, Hobbs (RH84, 1984) J. Atmos. Sci. ! Juang and Hong (JH, 2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. ! INTEGER, INTENT(IN ) :: ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde , & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme , & its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte, & lat REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: & t REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte, 2 ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: & qci REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte, 4 ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: & qrs REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: & q REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme ), & INTENT(IN ) :: & den, & p, & delz REAL, INTENT(IN ) :: delt, & g, & cpd, & cpv, & t0c, & den0, & rd, & rv, & ep1, & ep2, & qmin, & XLS, & XLV0, & XLF0, & cliq, & cice, & psat, & denr REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ), & INTENT(INOUT) :: rain, & rainncv, & sr REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ), OPTIONAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: snow, & snowncv REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ), OPTIONAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: graupel, & graupelncv REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ), OPTIONAL, & INTENT(INOUT) :: hail, & hailncv ! ! local variables ! REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte , 3) :: & rh, & qs REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte, 4) :: & rslope, & rslope2, & rslope3, & rslopeb, & qrs_tmp, & falk, & fall, & work1 REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & fallc, & falkc, & work1c, & work2c, & workr, & workh, & worka REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & den_tmp, & delz_tmp REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & pigen, & pidep, & pcond, & prevp, & psevp, & pgevp, & phevp, & psdep, & pgdep, & pvapg, & pvaph, & phdep, & praut, & psaut, & pgaut, & phaut, & piacr, & pracw, & praci, & pracs, & pracg, & psacw, & psaci, & psacr, & pgacw, & pgaci, & pgacr, & pgacs, & paacw, & phacw, & phaci, & phacr, & phacs, & phacg, & pgwet, & phwet, & primh, & psmlt, & pgmlt, & phmlt, & pseml, & pgeml, & pheml REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & pgaci_w, & phaci_w REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & qsum, & xl, & cpm, & work2, & denfac, & xni, & denqrs1, & denqrs2, & denqrs3, & denqrs4, & denqci, & n0sfac REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: delqrs1, & delqrs2, & delqrs3, & delqrs4, & delqi REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: tstepsnow, & tstepgraup, & tstephail INTEGER, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: mstep, & numdt LOGICAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: flgcld REAL :: & cpmcal, xlcal, diffus, & viscos, xka, venfac, conden, diffac, & x, y, z, a, b, c, d, e, & qdt, holdrr, holdrs, holdrg, supcol, supcolt, pvt, & coeres, supsat, dtcld, xmi, eacrs, satdt, & qimax, diameter, xni0, roqi0, & fallsum, fallsum_qsi, fallsum_qg, fallsum_qh, & vt2i,vt2r,vt2s,vt2g,vt2h,acrfac, & egs,egi,ehi, & xlwork2, factor, source, value, & xlf, pfrzdtc, pfrzdtr, supice, alpha2, delta2, delta3 REAL :: vt2ave REAL :: frac REAL :: rs0, ghw1, ghw2, ghw3, ghw4 REAL :: holdc, holdci INTEGER :: i, j, k, mstepmax, & iprt, latd, lond, loop, loops, ifsat, n, idim, kdim ! ! Temporaries used for inlining fpvs function ! REAL :: dldti, xb, xai, tr, xbi, xa, hvap, cvap, hsub, dldt, ttp ! ! variables for optimization ! REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: tvec1 REAL :: temp !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! compute internal functions ! cpmcal(x) = cpd*(1.-max(x,qmin))+max(x,qmin)*cpv xlcal(x) = xlv0-xlv1*(x-t0c) ! ! diffus: diffusion coefficient of the water vapor ! viscos: kinematic viscosity(m2s-1) ! Optimizatin : A**B => exp(log(A)*(B)) ! diffus(x,y) = 8.794e-5 * exp(log(x)*(1.81)) / y ! 8.794e-5*x**1.81/y viscos(x,y) = 1.496e-6 * (x*sqrt(x)) /(x+120.)/y ! 1.496e-6*x**1.5/(x+120.)/y xka(x,y) = 1.414e3*viscos(x,y)*y diffac(a,b,c,d,e) = d*a*a/(xka(c,d)*rv*c*c)+1./(e*diffus(c,b)) venfac(a,b,c) = exp(log((viscos(b,c)/diffus(b,a)))*((.3333333))) & /sqrt(viscos(b,c))*sqrt(sqrt(den0/c)) conden(a,b,c,d,e) = (max(b,qmin)-c)/(1.+d*d/(rv*e)*c/(a*a)) ! idim = ite-its+1 kdim = kte-kts+1 ! ! paddint 0 for negative values generated by dynamics ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite qci(i,k,1) = max(qci(i,k,1),0.0) qrs(i,k,1) = max(qrs(i,k,1),0.0) qci(i,k,2) = max(qci(i,k,2),0.0) qrs(i,k,2) = max(qrs(i,k,2),0.0) qrs(i,k,3) = max(qrs(i,k,3),0.0) qrs(i,k,4) = max(qrs(i,k,4),0.0) enddo enddo ! ! latent heat for phase changes and heat capacity. neglect the ! changes during microphysical process calculation ! emanuel(1994) ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite cpm(i,k) = cpmcal(q(i,k)) xl(i,k) = xlcal(t(i,k)) enddo enddo ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite delz_tmp(i,k) = delz(i,k) den_tmp(i,k) = den(i,k) enddo enddo ! ! initialize the surface rain, snow, graupel, hail ! do i = its, ite rainncv(i) = 0. if(PRESENT (snowncv) .AND. PRESENT (snow)) snowncv(i,lat) = 0. if(PRESENT (graupelncv) .AND. PRESENT (graupel)) graupelncv(i,lat) = 0. if(PRESENT (hailncv) .AND. PRESENT (hail)) hailncv(i,lat) = 0. sr(i) = 0. ! ! new local array to catch step snow, graupel, and hail ! tstepsnow(i) = 0. tstepgraup(i) = 0. tstephail(i) = 0. enddo ! ! compute the minor time steps. ! loops = max(nint(delt/dtcldcr),1) dtcld = delt/loops if(delt.le.dtcldcr) dtcld = delt ! do loop = 1,loops ! ! initialize the large scale variables ! do i = its, ite mstep(i) = 1 flgcld(i) = .true. enddo ! ! do k = kts, kte ! do i = its, ite ! denfac(i,k) = sqrt(den0/den(i,k)) ! enddo ! enddo do k = kts, kte CALL VREC( tvec1(its), den(its,k), ite-its+1) do i = its, ite tvec1(i) = tvec1(i)*den0 enddo CALL VSQRT( denfac(its,k), tvec1(its), ite-its+1) enddo ! ! Inline expansion for fpvs ! qs(i,k,1) = fpvs(t(i,k),0,rd,rv,cpv,cliq,cice,xlv0,xls,psat,t0c) ! qs(i,k,2) = fpvs(t(i,k),1,rd,rv,cpv,cliq,cice,xlv0,xls,psat,t0c) hsub = xls hvap = xlv0 cvap = cpv ttp=t0c+0.01 dldt=cvap-cliq xa=-dldt/rv xb=xa+hvap/(rv*ttp) dldti=cvap-cice xai=-dldti/rv xbi=xai+hsub/(rv*ttp) do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite tr=ttp/t(i,k) qs(i,k,1)=psat*exp(log(tr)*(xa))*exp(xb*(1.-tr)) qs(i,k,1) = min(qs(i,k,1),0.99*p(i,k)) qs(i,k,1) = ep2 * qs(i,k,1) / (p(i,k) - qs(i,k,1)) qs(i,k,1) = max(qs(i,k,1),qmin) rh(i,k,1) = max(q(i,k) / qs(i,k,1),qmin) tr=ttp/t(i,k) if(t(i,k).lt.ttp) then qs(i,k,2)=psat*exp(log(tr)*(xai))*exp(xbi*(1.-tr)) else qs(i,k,2)=psat*exp(log(tr)*(xa))*exp(xb*(1.-tr)) endif qs(i,k,2) = min(qs(i,k,2),0.99*p(i,k)) qs(i,k,2) = ep2 * qs(i,k,2) / (p(i,k) - qs(i,k,2)) qs(i,k,2) = max(qs(i,k,2),qmin) rh(i,k,2) = max(q(i,k) / qs(i,k,2),qmin) enddo enddo ! ! initialize the variables for microphysical physics ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite prevp(i,k) = 0. psdep(i,k) = 0. pgdep(i,k) = 0. phdep(i,k) = 0. pvapg(i,k) = 0. pvaph(i,k) = 0. praut(i,k) = 0. psaut(i,k) = 0. pgaut(i,k) = 0. phaut(i,k) = 0. pracw(i,k) = 0. praci(i,k) = 0. piacr(i,k) = 0. psaci(i,k) = 0. psacw(i,k) = 0. pracs(i,k) = 0. pracg(i,k) = 0. psacr(i,k) = 0. pgacw(i,k) = 0. paacw(i,k) = 0. pgaci(i,k) = 0. pgacr(i,k) = 0. pgacs(i,k) = 0. phacw(i,k) = 0. phaci(i,k) = 0. phacr(i,k) = 0. phacs(i,k) = 0. phacg(i,k) = 0. pgwet(i,k) = 0. phwet(i,k) = 0. primh(i,k) = 0. pigen(i,k) = 0. pidep(i,k) = 0. pcond(i,k) = 0. psmlt(i,k) = 0. pgmlt(i,k) = 0. phmlt(i,k) = 0. pseml(i,k) = 0. pgeml(i,k) = 0. pheml(i,k) = 0. psevp(i,k) = 0. pgevp(i,k) = 0. phevp(i,k) = 0. pgaci_w(i,k) = 0. phaci_w(i,k) = 0. falk(i,k,1) = 0. falk(i,k,2) = 0. falk(i,k,3) = 0. falk(i,k,4) = 0. fall(i,k,1) = 0. fall(i,k,2) = 0. fall(i,k,3) = 0. fall(i,k,4) = 0. fallc(i,k) = 0. falkc(i,k) = 0. xni(i,k) = 1.e3 enddo enddo ! ! Ni: ice crystal number concentraiton [HDC 5c] ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite temp = (den(i,k)*max(qci(i,k,2),qmin)) temp = sqrt(sqrt(temp*temp*temp)) xni(i,k) = min(max(5.38e7*temp,1.e3),1.e6) enddo enddo ! ! compute the fallout term: ! first, vertical terminal velosity for minor loops ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite qrs_tmp(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) qrs_tmp(i,k,2) = qrs(i,k,2) qrs_tmp(i,k,3) = qrs(i,k,3) qrs_tmp(i,k,4) = qrs(i,k,4) enddo enddo ! call slope_wsm7(qrs_tmp,den_tmp,denfac,t,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & work1,its,ite,kts,kte) ! do k = kte, kts, -1 do i = its, ite workr(i,k) = work1(i,k,1) workh(i,k) = work1(i,k,4) qsum(i,k) = max( (qrs(i,k,2)+qrs(i,k,3)), 1.E-15) ! if ( qsum(i,k) .gt. 1.e-15 ) THEN worka(i,k) = (work1(i,k,2)*qrs(i,k,2) + work1(i,k,3)*qrs(i,k,3)) & /qsum(i,k) else worka(i,k) = 0. endif ! denqrs1(i,k) = den(i,k)*qrs(i,k,1) denqrs2(i,k) = den(i,k)*qrs(i,k,2) denqrs3(i,k) = den(i,k)*qrs(i,k,3) denqrs4(i,k) = den(i,k)*qrs(i,k,4) if(qrs(i,k,1).le.0.0) workr(i,k) = 0.0 if(qrs(i,k,4).le.0.0) workh(i,k) = 0.0 enddo enddo ! call nislfv_rain_plm(idim,kdim,den_tmp,denfac,t,delz_tmp,workr,denqrs1, & delqrs1,dtcld,1,1) call nislfv_rain_plm6(idim,kdim,den_tmp,denfac,t,delz_tmp,worka, & denqrs2,denqrs3,delqrs2,delqrs3,dtcld,1,1) call nislfv_rain_plm(idim,kdim,den_tmp,denfac,t,delz_tmp,workh,denqrs4, & delqrs4,dtcld,2,1) ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite qrs(i,k,1) = max(denqrs1(i,k)/den(i,k),0.) qrs(i,k,2) = max(denqrs2(i,k)/den(i,k),0.) qrs(i,k,3) = max(denqrs3(i,k)/den(i,k),0.) qrs(i,k,4) = max(denqrs4(i,k)/den(i,k),0.) fall(i,k,1) = denqrs1(i,k)*workr(i,k)/delz(i,k) fall(i,k,2) = denqrs2(i,k)*worka(i,k)/delz(i,k) fall(i,k,3) = denqrs3(i,k)*worka(i,k)/delz(i,k) fall(i,k,4) = denqrs4(i,k)*workh(i,k)/delz(i,k) enddo enddo ! do i = its, ite fall(i,1,1) = delqrs1(i)/delz(i,1)/dtcld fall(i,1,2) = delqrs2(i)/delz(i,1)/dtcld fall(i,1,3) = delqrs3(i)/delz(i,1)/dtcld fall(i,1,4) = delqrs4(i)/delz(i,1)/dtcld enddo ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite qrs_tmp(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) qrs_tmp(i,k,2) = qrs(i,k,2) qrs_tmp(i,k,3) = qrs(i,k,3) qrs_tmp(i,k,4) = qrs(i,k,4) enddo enddo ! call slope_wsm7(qrs_tmp,den_tmp,denfac,t,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & work1,its,ite,kts,kte) ! do k = kte, kts, -1 do i = its, ite supcol = t0c-t(i,k) n0sfac(i,k) = max(min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax/n0s),1.) if(t(i,k).gt.t0c) then ! ! psmlt: melting of snow [HL A33] [RH83 A25] ! (T>T0: S->R) ! xlf = xlf0 work2(i,k) = venfac(p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k)) if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.0.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,2)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,2)*rslopeb(i,k,2)) psmlt(i,k) = xka(t(i,k),den(i,k))/xlf*(t0c-t(i,k))*pi/2. & *n0sfac(i,k)*(precs1*rslope2(i,k,2) & +precs2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/den(i,k) psmlt(i,k) = min(max(psmlt(i,k)*dtcld/mstep(i), & -qrs(i,k,2)/mstep(i)),0.) qrs(i,k,2) = qrs(i,k,2) + psmlt(i,k) qrs(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) - psmlt(i,k) t(i,k) = t(i,k) + xlf/cpm(i,k)*psmlt(i,k) endif ! ! pgmlt: melting of graupel [HL A23] [LFO 47] ! (T>T0: G->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.0.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,3)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,3)*rslopeb(i,k,3)) pgmlt(i,k) = xka(t(i,k),den(i,k))/xlf & *(t0c-t(i,k))*(precg1*rslope2(i,k,3) & +precg2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/den(i,k) pgmlt(i,k) = min(max(pgmlt(i,k)*dtcld/mstep(i), & -qrs(i,k,3)/mstep(i)),0.) qrs(i,k,3) = qrs(i,k,3) + pgmlt(i,k) qrs(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) - pgmlt(i,k) t(i,k) = t(i,k) + xlf/cpm(i,k)*pgmlt(i,k) endif ! ! phmlt: melting of hail [BHT A22] ! (T>T0: H->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.0.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,4)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,4)*rslopeb(i,k,4)) phmlt(i,k) = xka(t(i,k),den(i,k))/xlf & *(t0c-t(i,k))*(prech1*rslope2(i,k,4) & +prech2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/den(i,k) phmlt(i,k) = min(max(phmlt(i,k)*dtcld/mstep(i), & -qrs(i,k,4)/mstep(i)),0.) qrs(i,k,4) = qrs(i,k,4) + phmlt(i,k) qrs(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) - phmlt(i,k) t(i,k) = t(i,k) + xlf/cpm(i,k)*phmlt(i,k) endif endif enddo enddo ! ! Vice [ms-1] : fallout of ice crystal [HDC 5a] ! do k = kte,kts,-1 do i = its, ite if(qci(i,k,2).le.0.) then work1c(i,k) = 0. else xmi = den(i,k)*qci(i,k,2)/xni(i,k) diameter = max(min(dicon * sqrt(xmi),dimax), 1.e-25) work1c(i,k) = 1.49e4*exp(log(diameter)*(1.31)) endif enddo enddo ! ! forward semi-laglangian scheme (JH), PCM (piecewise constant), (linear) ! do k = kte, kts, -1 do i = its, ite denqci(i,k) = den(i,k)*qci(i,k,2) enddo enddo ! call nislfv_rain_plm(idim,kdim,den_tmp,denfac,t,delz_tmp,work1c,denqci, & delqi,dtcld,1,0) ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite qci(i,k,2) = max(denqci(i,k)/den(i,k),0.) enddo enddo ! do i = its, ite fallc(i,1) = delqi(i)/delz(i,1)/dtcld enddo ! ! rain (unit is mm/sec;kgm-2s-1: /1000*delt ===> m)==> mm for wrf ! do i = its, ite fallsum = fall(i,kts,1)+fall(i,kts,2)+fall(i,kts,3)+fall(i,kts,4)+ & fallc(i,kts) fallsum_qsi = fall(i,kts,2)+fallc(i,kts) fallsum_qg = fall(i,kts,3) fallsum_qh = fall(i,kts,4) if(fallsum.gt.0.) then rainncv(i) = fallsum*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. + rainncv(i) rain(i) = fallsum*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. + rain(i) endif ! if(fallsum_qsi.gt.0.) then tstepsnow(i) = fallsum_qsi*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. & +tstepsnow(i) if ( PRESENT (snowncv) .AND. PRESENT (snow)) THEN snowncv(i,lat) = fallsum_qsi*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. & +snowncv(i,lat) snow(i,lat) = fallsum_qsi*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. + snow(i,lat) endif endif ! if(fallsum_qg.gt.0.) then tstepgraup(i) = fallsum_qg*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. & +tstepgraup(i) if ( PRESENT (graupelncv) .AND. PRESENT (graupel)) THEN graupelncv(i,lat) = fallsum_qg*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. & + graupelncv(i,lat) graupel(i,lat) = fallsum_qg*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. + graupel(i,lat) endif endif ! if(fallsum_qh.gt.0.) then tstephail(i) = fallsum_qh*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. & +tstephail(i) if ( PRESENT (hailncv) .AND. PRESENT (hail)) THEN hailncv(i,lat) = fallsum_qh*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. & + hailncv(i,lat) hail(i,lat) = fallsum_qh*delz(i,kts)/denr*dtcld*1000. + hail(i,lat) endif endif ! if(fallsum.gt.0.)sr(i)=(tstepsnow(i) + tstepgraup(i) + tstephail(i)) & /(rainncv(i)+1.e-12) enddo ! ! pimlt: instantaneous melting of cloud ice [HL A47] [RH83 A28] ! (T>T0: I->C) ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite supcol = t0c-t(i,k) xlf = xls-xl(i,k) if(supcol.lt.0.) xlf = xlf0 if(supcol.lt.0.and.qci(i,k,2).gt.0.) then qci(i,k,1) = qci(i,k,1) + qci(i,k,2) t(i,k) = t(i,k) - xlf/cpm(i,k)*qci(i,k,2) qci(i,k,2) = 0. endif ! ! pihmf: homogeneous freezing of cloud water below -40c [HL A45] ! (T<-40C: C->I) ! if(supcol.gt.40..and.qci(i,k,1).gt.0.) then qci(i,k,2) = qci(i,k,2) + qci(i,k,1) t(i,k) = t(i,k) + xlf/cpm(i,k)*qci(i,k,1) qci(i,k,1) = 0. endif ! ! pihtf: heterogeneous freezing of cloud water [HL A44] ! (T0>T>-40C: C->I) ! if(supcol.gt.0..and.qci(i,k,1).gt.qmin) then supcolt=min(supcol,50.) pfrzdtc = min(pfrz1*(exp(pfrz2*supcolt)-1.) & *den(i,k)/denr/xncr*qci(i,k,1)*qci(i,k,1)*dtcld,qci(i,k,1)) qci(i,k,2) = qci(i,k,2) + pfrzdtc t(i,k) = t(i,k) + xlf/cpm(i,k)*pfrzdtc qci(i,k,1) = qci(i,k,1)-pfrzdtc endif ! ! pgfrz: freezing of rain water [HL A20] [LFO 45] ! (TG) ! if(supcol.gt.0..and.qrs(i,k,1).gt.0.) then temp = rslope3(i,k,1) temp = temp*temp*rslope(i,k,1) supcolt=min(supcol,50.) pfrzdtr = min(20.*(pi*pi)*pfrz1*n0r*denr/den(i,k) & *(exp(pfrz2*supcolt)-1.)*temp*dtcld, & qrs(i,k,1)) qrs(i,k,3) = qrs(i,k,3) + pfrzdtr t(i,k) = t(i,k) + xlf/cpm(i,k)*pfrzdtr qrs(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) - pfrzdtr endif enddo enddo ! ! update the slope parameters for microphysics computation ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite qrs_tmp(i,k,1) = qrs(i,k,1) qrs_tmp(i,k,2) = qrs(i,k,2) qrs_tmp(i,k,3) = qrs(i,k,3) qrs_tmp(i,k,4) = qrs(i,k,4) enddo enddo ! call slope_wsm7(qrs_tmp,den_tmp,denfac,t,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & work1,its,ite,kts,kte) ! ! work1: the thermodynamic term in the denominator associated with ! heat conduction and vapor diffusion ! (ry88, y93, h85) ! work2: parameter associated with the ventilation effects(y93) ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite work1(i,k,1) = diffac(xl(i,k),p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k),qs(i,k,1)) work1(i,k,2) = diffac(xls,p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k),qs(i,k,2)) work2(i,k) = venfac(p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k)) enddo enddo ! !=============================================================== ! ! warm rain processes ! ! - follows the processes in RH83 and LFO except for autoconcersion ! !=============================================================== ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite supsat = max(q(i,k),qmin)-qs(i,k,1) satdt = supsat/dtcld ! ! praut: auto conversion rate from cloud to rain [HDC 16] ! (C->R) ! if(qci(i,k,1).gt.qc0) then praut(i,k) = qck1*qci(i,k,1)**(7./3.) praut(i,k) = min(praut(i,k),qci(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! pracw: accretion of cloud water by rain [HL A40] [LFO 51] ! (C->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,1).gt.qcrmin.and.qci(i,k,1).gt.qmin) then pracw(i,k) = min(pacrr*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslopeb(i,k,1) & *qci(i,k,1)*denfac(i,k),qci(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! prevp: evaporation/condensation rate of rain [HDC 14] ! (V->R or R->V) ! if(qrs(i,k,1).gt.0.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,1)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,1)*rslopeb(i,k,1)) prevp(i,k) = (rh(i,k,1)-1.)*(precr1*rslope2(i,k,1) & +precr2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/work1(i,k,1) if(prevp(i,k).lt.0.) then prevp(i,k) = max(prevp(i,k),-qrs(i,k,1)/dtcld) prevp(i,k) = max(prevp(i,k),satdt/2) else prevp(i,k) = min(prevp(i,k),satdt/2) endif endif enddo enddo ! !=============================================================== ! ! cold rain processes ! ! - follows the revised ice microphysics processes in HDC ! - the processes same as in RH83 and RH84 and LFO behave ! following ice crystal hapits defined in HDC, inclduing ! intercept parameter for snow (n0s), ice crystal number ! concentration (ni), ice nuclei number concentration ! (n0i), ice diameter (d) ! !=============================================================== ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite supcol = t0c-t(i,k) n0sfac(i,k) = max(min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax/n0s),1.) supsat = max(q(i,k),qmin)-qs(i,k,2) satdt = supsat/dtcld ifsat = 0 ! ! Ni: ice crystal number concentraiton [HDC 5c] ! temp = (den(i,k)*max(qci(i,k,2),qmin)) temp = sqrt(sqrt(temp*temp*temp)) xni(i,k) = min(max(5.38e7*temp,1.e3),1.e6) eacrs = exp(0.07*(-supcol)) ! xmi = den(i,k)*qci(i,k,2)/xni(i,k) diameter = min(dicon * sqrt(xmi),dimax) vt2i = 1.49e4*diameter**1.31 vt2r=pvtr*rslopeb(i,k,1)*denfac(i,k) vt2s=pvts*rslopeb(i,k,2)*denfac(i,k) vt2g=pvtg*rslopeb(i,k,3)*denfac(i,k) vt2h=pvth*rslopeb(i,k,4)*denfac(i,k) qsum(i,k) = max( (qrs(i,k,2)+qrs(i,k,3)), 1.E-15) if(qsum(i,k) .gt. 1.e-15) then vt2ave=(vt2s*qrs(i,k,2)+vt2g*qrs(i,k,3))/(qsum(i,k)) else vt2ave=0. endif if(supcol.gt.0.and.qci(i,k,2).gt.qmin) then if(qrs(i,k,1).gt.qcrmin) then ! ! praci: Accretion of cloud ice by rain [HL A15] [LFO 25] ! (TR) ! acrfac = 2.*rslope3(i,k,1)+2.*diameter*rslope2(i,k,1) & +diameter**2*rslope(i,k,1) praci(i,k) = pi*qci(i,k,2)*n0r*abs(vt2r-vt2i)*acrfac/4. ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) praci(i,k) = praci(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,1)/qci(i,k,2)),1.)**2 praci(i,k) = min(praci(i,k),qci(i,k,2)/dtcld) ! ! piacr: Accretion of rain by cloud ice [HL A19] [LFO 26] ! (TS or R->G) ! piacr(i,k) = pi**2*avtr*n0r*denr*xni(i,k)*denfac(i,k) & *g6pbr*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,1) & *rslopeb(i,k,1)/24./den(i,k) ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) piacr(i,k) = piacr(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qci(i,k,2)/qrs(i,k,1)),1.)**2 piacr(i,k) = min(piacr(i,k),qrs(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! psaci: Accretion of cloud ice by snow [HDC 10] ! (TS) ! if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.qcrmin) then acrfac = 2.*rslope3(i,k,2)+2.*diameter*rslope2(i,k,2) & +diameter**2*rslope(i,k,2) psaci(i,k) = pi*qci(i,k,2)*eacrs*n0s*n0sfac(i,k) & *abs(vt2ave-vt2i)*acrfac/4. psaci(i,k) = min(psaci(i,k),qci(i,k,2)/dtcld) endif ! ! pgaci: Accretion of cloud ice by graupel [HL A17] [LFO 41] ! (TG) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.qcrmin) then egi = exp(0.07*(-supcol)) acrfac = 2.*rslope3(i,k,3)+2.*diameter*rslope2(i,k,3) & +diameter**2*rslope(i,k,3) pgaci(i,k) = pi*egi*qci(i,k,2)*n0g*abs(vt2ave-vt2i)*acrfac/4. pgaci(i,k) = min(pgaci(i,k),qci(i,k,2)/dtcld) endif ! ! phaci: Accretion of cloud ice by hail [BHT ] ! (TH) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.qcrmin) then ehi = exp(0.07*(-supcol)) acrfac = 2.*rslope3(i,k,4)+2.*diameter*rslope2(i,k,4) & +diameter**2*rslope(i,k,4) phaci(i,k) = pi*ehi*qci(i,k,2)*n0h*abs(vt2h-vt2i)*acrfac/4. phaci(i,k) = min(phaci(i,k),qci(i,k,2)/dtcld) endif endif ! ! psacw: Accretion of cloud water by snow [HL A7] [LFO 24] ! (TS, and T>=T0: C->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.qcrmin.and.qci(i,k,1).gt.qmin) then psacw(i,k) = min(pacrc*n0sfac(i,k)*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslopeb(i,k,2) & ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) *min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,2)/qci(i,k,1)),1.)**2 & *qci(i,k,1)*denfac(i,k),qci(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! pgacw: Accretion of cloud water by graupel [HL A6] [LFO 40] ! (TG, and T>=T0: C->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.qcrmin.and.qci(i,k,1).gt.qmin) then pgacw(i,k) = min(pacrg*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslopeb(i,k,3) & ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) *min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,3)/qci(i,k,1)),1.)**2 & *qci(i,k,1)*denfac(i,k),qci(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! paacw: Accretion of cloud water by averaged snow/graupel ! (TG or S, and T>=T0: C->R) ! if(qsum(i,k) .gt. 1.e-15) then paacw(i,k) = (qrs(i,k,2)*psacw(i,k)+qrs(i,k,3)*pgacw(i,k)) & /(qsum(i,k)) endif ! ! phacw: Accretion of cloud water by hail [BHT A08] ! (TH, and T>=T0: C->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.qcrmin.and.qci(i,k,1).gt.qmin) then phacw(i,k) = min(pacrh*rslope3(i,k,4)*rslopeb(i,k,4) & ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) *min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,4)/qci(i,k,1)),1.)**2 & *qci(i,k,1)*denfac(i,k),qci(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! pracs: Accretion of snow by rain [HL A11] [LFO 27] ! (TG) ! if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.qcrmin.and.qrs(i,k,1).gt.qcrmin) then if(supcol.gt.0) then acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslope(i,k,1) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope2(i,k,1) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope3(i,k,1) pracs(i,k) = pi**2*n0r*n0s*n0sfac(i,k)*abs(vt2r-vt2ave) & *(dens/den(i,k))*acrfac ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) pracs(i,k) = pracs(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,1)/qrs(i,k,2)),1.)**2 pracs(i,k) = min(pracs(i,k),qrs(i,k,2)/dtcld) endif ! ! psacr: Accretion of rain by snow [HL A10] [LFO 28] ! (TS or R->G) (T>=T0: enhance melting of snow) ! acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope(i,k,2) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,2) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,2) psacr(i,k) = pi**2*n0r*n0s*n0sfac(i,k)*abs(vt2ave-vt2r) & *(denr/den(i,k))*acrfac ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) psacr(i,k) = psacr(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,2)/qrs(i,k,1)),1.)**2 psacr(i,k) = min(psacr(i,k),qrs(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! pracg: Accretion of graupel by rain [BHT A17] ! (TH) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.qcrmin.and.qrs(i,k,1).gt.qcrmin) then if(supcol.gt.0) then acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslope(i,k,1) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope2(i,k,1) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope3(i,k,1) pracg(i,k) = pi**2*n0r*n0g*abs(vt2r-vt2ave) & *(deng/den(i,k))*acrfac ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) pracg(i,k) = pracg(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,1)/qrs(i,k,3)),1.)**2 pracg(i,k) = min(pracg(i,k),qrs(i,k,3)/dtcld) endif ! ! pgacr: Accretion of rain by graupel [HL A12] [LFO 42] ! (TG) (T>=T0: enhance melting of graupel) ! acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope(i,k,3) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,3) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,3) pgacr(i,k) = pi**2*n0r*n0g*abs(vt2ave-vt2r)*(denr/den(i,k)) & *acrfac ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) pgacr(i,k) = pgacr(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,3)/qrs(i,k,1)),1.)**2 pgacr(i,k) = min(pgacr(i,k),qrs(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! pgacs: Accretion of snow by graupel [HL A13] [LFO 29] ! (S->G): This process is eliminated in V3.0 with the ! new combined snow/graupel fall speeds ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.qcrmin.and.qrs(i,k,2).gt.qcrmin) then pgacs(i,k) = 0. endif ! ! phacr: Accretion of rain by hail [BHT A13] ! (TH) (T>=T0: enhance melting of hail) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.qcrmin.and.qrs(i,k,1).gt.qcrmin) then acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope(i,k,4) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,4) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope3(i,k,4) phacr(i,k) = pi**2*n0r*n0h*abs(vt2h-vt2r)*(denr/den(i,k)) & *acrfac ! reduce collection efficiency (suggested by B. Wilt) phacr(i,k) = phacr(i,k)*min(max(0.0,qrs(i,k,4)/qrs(i,k,1)),1.)**2 phacr(i,k) = min(phacr(i,k),qrs(i,k,1)/dtcld) endif ! ! phacs: Accretion of snow by hail [BHT A14] ! (TH) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.qcrmin.and.qrs(i,k,2).gt.qcrmin) then acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslope(i,k,4) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,2)*rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope2(i,k,4) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope3(i,k,4) phacs(i,k) = pi**2*eachs*n0s*n0sfac(i,k)*n0h*abs(vt2h-vt2ave) & *(dens/den(i,k))*acrfac phacs(i,k) = min(phacs(i,k),qrs(i,k,2)/dtcld) endif ! ! phacg: Accretion of snow by hail [BHT A15] ! (TH) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.qcrmin.and.qrs(i,k,3).gt.qcrmin) then acrfac = 5.*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslope(i,k,4) & +2.*rslope3(i,k,3)*rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope2(i,k,4) & +.5*rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope3(i,k,4) phacg(i,k) = pi**2*eachg*n0g*n0h*abs(vt2h-vt2ave) & *(deng/den(i,k))*acrfac phacg(i,k) = min(phacg(i,k),qrs(i,k,3)/dtcld) endif ! ! pgwet: wet growth of graupel [LFO 43] ! ! rs0 = psat*exp(log(ttp/t0c)*xa)*exp(xb*(1.-ttp/t0c)) rs0 = min(rs0,0.99*p(i,k)) rs0 = ep2*rs0/(p(i,k)-rs0) rs0 = max(rs0,qmin) ghw1 = den(i,k)*hvap*diffus(t(i,k),p(i,k))*(rs0-q(i,k)) & - xka(t(i,k),den(i,k))*(-supcol) ghw2 = den(i,k)*(xlf0+cliq*(-supcol)) ghw3 = venfac(p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k))*sqrt(sqrt(g*den(i,k)/den0)) ghw4 = den(i,k)*(xlf0-cliq*supcol+cice*supcol) if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.qcrmin) then if(pgaci(i,k).gt.0.0) then egi = exp(0.07*(-supcol)) pgaci_w(i,k) = pgaci(i,k)/egi else pgaci_w(i,k) = 0.0 endif pgwet(i,k) = ghw1/ghw2*(precg1*rslope2(i,k,3) & +precg3*ghw3*rslope(i,k,4)**(2.75) & +ghw4*(pgaci_w(i,k)+pgacs(i,k))) pgwet(i,k) = max(pgwet(i,k), 0.0) endif ! ! phwet: wet growth of hail [LFO 43] ! ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.qcrmin) then if(phaci(i,k).gt.0.0) then ehi = exp(0.07*(-supcol)) phaci_w(i,k) = phaci(i,k)/ehi else phaci_w(i,k) = 0.0 endif endif phwet(i,k) = ghw1/ghw2*(prech1*rslope2(i,k,4) & +prech3*ghw3*rslope(i,k,4)**(2.75) & +ghw4*(phaci_w(i,k)+phacs(i,k))) phwet(i,k) = max(phwet(i,k), 0.0) ! if(phacw(i,k)+phacr(i,k).lt.0.95*phwet(i,k)) then phaci(i,k) = 0.0 phacs(i,k) = 0.0 phacg(i,k) = 0.0 endif ! if(supcol.le.0) then xlf = xlf0 ! ! pseml: Enhanced melting of snow by accretion of water [HL A34] ! (T>=T0: S->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.0.) & pseml(i,k) = min(max(cliq*supcol*(paacw(i,k)+psacr(i,k)) & /xlf,-qrs(i,k,2)/dtcld),0.) ! ! pgeml: Enhanced melting of graupel by accretion of water [HL A24] [RH84 A21-A22] ! (T>=T0: G->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.0.) & pgeml(i,k) = min(max(cliq*supcol*(paacw(i,k)+pgacr(i,k)) & /xlf,-qrs(i,k,3)/dtcld),0.) ! ! pheml: Enhanced melting of hail by accretion of water [BHT A23] ! (T>=T0: H->R) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.0.) & pheml(i,k) = min(max(cliq*supcol*(phacw(i,k)+phacr(i,k)) & /xlf,-qrs(i,k,4)/dtcld),0.) endif ! if(supcol.gt.0) then ! ! pidep: Deposition/Sublimation rate of ice [HDC 9] ! (TI or I->V) ! if(qci(i,k,2).gt.0.and.ifsat.ne.1) then pidep(i,k) = 4.*diameter*xni(i,k)*(rh(i,k,2)-1.)/work1(i,k,2) supice = satdt-prevp(i,k) if(pidep(i,k).lt.0.) then pidep(i,k) = max(max(pidep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) pidep(i,k) = max(pidep(i,k),-qci(i,k,2)/dtcld) else pidep(i,k) = min(min(pidep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) endif if(abs(prevp(i,k)+pidep(i,k)).ge.abs(satdt)) ifsat = 1 endif ! ! psdep: deposition/sublimation rate of snow [HDC 14] ! (TS or S->V) ! if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.0..and.ifsat.ne.1) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,2)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,2)*rslopeb(i,k,2)) psdep(i,k) = (rh(i,k,2)-1.)*n0sfac(i,k)*(precs1*rslope2(i,k,2) & + precs2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/work1(i,k,2) supice = satdt-prevp(i,k)-pidep(i,k) if(psdep(i,k).lt.0.) then psdep(i,k) = max(psdep(i,k),-qrs(i,k,2)/dtcld) psdep(i,k) = max(max(psdep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) else psdep(i,k) = min(min(psdep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) endif if(abs(prevp(i,k)+pidep(i,k)+psdep(i,k)).ge.abs(satdt)) & ifsat = 1 endif ! ! pgdep: deposition/sublimation rate of graupel [HL A21] [LFO 46] ! (TG or G->V) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.0..and.ifsat.ne.1) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,3)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,3)*rslopeb(i,k,3)) pgdep(i,k) = (rh(i,k,2)-1.)*(precg1*rslope2(i,k,3) & +precg2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/work1(i,k,2) supice = satdt-prevp(i,k)-pidep(i,k)-psdep(i,k) if(pgdep(i,k).lt.0.) then pgdep(i,k) = max(pgdep(i,k),-qrs(i,k,3)/dtcld) pgdep(i,k) = max(max(pgdep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) else pgdep(i,k) = min(min(pgdep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) endif if(abs(prevp(i,k)+pidep(i,k)+psdep(i,k)+pgdep(i,k)).ge. & abs(satdt)) ifsat = 1 endif ! ! phdep: deposition/sublimation rate of hail [BHT A19] ! (TH or H->V) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.0..and.ifsat.ne.1) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,4)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,4)*rslopeb(i,k,4)) phdep(i,k) = (rh(i,k,2)-1.)*(prech1*rslope2(i,k,4) & +prech2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/work1(i,k,2) supice = satdt-prevp(i,k)-pidep(i,k)-psdep(i,k)-pgdep(i,k) if(phdep(i,k).lt.0.) then phdep(i,k) = max(phdep(i,k),-qrs(i,k,4)/dtcld) phdep(i,k) = max(max(phdep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) else phdep(i,k) = min(min(phdep(i,k),satdt/2),supice) endif if(abs(prevp(i,k)+pidep(i,k)+psdep(i,k)+pgdep(i,k)+phdep(i,k)) & .ge. abs(satdt)) ifsat = 1 endif ! ! pigen: generation(nucleation) of ice from vapor [HL 50] [HDC 7-8] ! (TI) ! if(supsat.gt.0.and.ifsat.ne.1) then supice = satdt-prevp(i,k)-pidep(i,k)-psdep(i,k)-pgdep(i,k) xni0 = 1.e3*exp(0.1*supcol) roqi0 = 4.92e-11*xni0**1.33 pigen(i,k) = max(0.,(roqi0/den(i,k)-max(qci(i,k,2),0.))/dtcld) pigen(i,k) = min(min(pigen(i,k),satdt),supice) endif ! ! psaut: conversion(aggregation) of ice to snow [HDC 12] ! (TS) ! if(qci(i,k,2).gt.0.) then qimax = roqimax/den(i,k) psaut(i,k) = max(0.,(qci(i,k,2)-qimax)/dtcld) endif ! ! pgaut: conversion(aggregation) of snow to graupel [HL A4] [LFO 37] ! (TG) ! if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.0.) then alpha2 = 1.e-3*exp(0.09*(-supcol)) pgaut(i,k) = min(max(0.,alpha2*(qrs(i,k,2)-qs0)),qrs(i,k,2)/dtcld) endif endif ! ! phaut: conversion(aggregation) of grauple to hail [BHT A18] ! (TH) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.0.) then alpha2 = 1.e-3*exp(0.09*(-supcol)) phaut(i,k) = min(max(0.,alpha2*(qrs(i,k,3)-qs0)),qrs(i,k,3)/dtcld) endif ! ! psevp: Evaporation of melting snow [HL A35] [RH83 A27] ! (T>=T0: S->V) ! if(supcol.lt.0.) then if(qrs(i,k,2).gt.0..and.rh(i,k,1).lt.1.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,2)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,2)*rslopeb(i,k,2)) psevp(i,k) = (rh(i,k,1)-1.)*n0sfac(i,k)*(precs1 & *rslope2(i,k,2)+precs2*work2(i,k) & *coeres)/work1(i,k,1) psevp(i,k) = min(max(psevp(i,k),-qrs(i,k,2)/dtcld),0.) endif ! ! pgevp: Evaporation of melting graupel [HL A25] [RH84 A19] ! (T>=T0: G->V) ! if(qrs(i,k,3).gt.0..and.rh(i,k,1).lt.1.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,3)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,3)*rslopeb(i,k,3)) pgevp(i,k) = (rh(i,k,1)-1.)*(precg1*rslope2(i,k,3) & +precg2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/work1(i,k,1) pgevp(i,k) = min(max(pgevp(i,k),-qrs(i,k,3)/dtcld),0.) endif ! ! phevp: Evaporation of melting hail [BHT A20] ! (T>=T0: H->V) ! if(qrs(i,k,4).gt.0..and.rh(i,k,1).lt.1.) then coeres = rslope2(i,k,4)*sqrt(rslope(i,k,4)*rslopeb(i,k,4)) phevp(i,k) = (rh(i,k,1)-1.)*(prech1*rslope2(i,k,4) & +prech2*work2(i,k)*coeres)/work1(i,k,1) phevp(i,k) = min(max(phevp(i,k),-qrs(i,k,4)/dtcld),0.) endif endif enddo enddo ! ! check mass conservation of generation terms and feedback to the ! large scale ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite ! delta2=0. delta3=0. if(qrs(i,k,1).lt.1.e-4.and.qrs(i,k,2).lt.1.e-4) delta2=1. if(qrs(i,k,1).lt.1.e-4) delta3=1. if(t(i,k).le.t0c) then ! ! cloud water ! value = max(qmin,qci(i,k,1)) source = (praut(i,k)+pracw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+phacw(i,k)) & *dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source praut(i,k) = praut(i,k)*factor pracw(i,k) = pracw(i,k)*factor paacw(i,k) = paacw(i,k)*factor phacw(i,k) = phacw(i,k)*factor endif ! ! cloud ice ! value = max(qmin,qci(i,k,2)) source = (psaut(i,k)-pigen(i,k)-pidep(i,k)+praci(i,k)+psaci(i,k) & +pgaci(i,k)+phaci(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source psaut(i,k) = psaut(i,k)*factor pigen(i,k) = pigen(i,k)*factor pidep(i,k) = pidep(i,k)*factor praci(i,k) = praci(i,k)*factor psaci(i,k) = psaci(i,k)*factor pgaci(i,k) = pgaci(i,k)*factor phaci(i,k) = phaci(i,k)*factor endif ! ! rain ! value = max(qmin,qrs(i,k,1)) source = (-praut(i,k)-prevp(i,k)-pracw(i,k)+piacr(i,k)+psacr(i,k) & +pgacr(i,k)+phacr(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source praut(i,k) = praut(i,k)*factor prevp(i,k) = prevp(i,k)*factor pracw(i,k) = pracw(i,k)*factor piacr(i,k) = piacr(i,k)*factor psacr(i,k) = psacr(i,k)*factor pgacr(i,k) = pgacr(i,k)*factor phacr(i,k) = phacr(i,k)*factor endif ! ! snow ! value = max(qmin,qrs(i,k,2)) source = -(psdep(i,k)+psaut(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+pvapg(i,k)+pvaph(i,k) & +psaci(i,k)-pgaut(i,k)-pracs(i,k)*(1.-delta2) & +piacr(i,k)*delta3+praci(i,k)*delta3 & +psacr(i,k)*delta2 & -pgacs(i,k)-phacs(i,k) )*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source psdep(i,k) = psdep(i,k)*factor psaut(i,k) = psaut(i,k)*factor pgaut(i,k) = pgaut(i,k)*factor paacw(i,k) = paacw(i,k)*factor pvapg(i,k) = pvapg(i,k)*factor pvaph(i,k) = pvaph(i,k)*factor psaci(i,k) = psaci(i,k)*factor piacr(i,k) = piacr(i,k)*factor praci(i,k) = praci(i,k)*factor psacr(i,k) = psacr(i,k)*factor pracs(i,k) = pracs(i,k)*factor pgacs(i,k) = pgacs(i,k)*factor phacs(i,k) = phacs(i,k)*factor endif ! ! graupel ! value = max(qmin,qrs(i,k,3)) source = -(pgdep(i,k)+pgaut(i,k)+pgaci(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+pgacs(i,k) & +piacr(i,k)*(1.-delta3)+praci(i,k)*(1.-delta3) & +psacr(i,k)*(1.-delta2)+pgacr(i,k)*delta2 & +pracs(i,k)*(1.-delta2)-pracg(i,k)*(1.-delta2) & -phaut(i,k)-pvapg(i,k)-phacg(i,k)+primh(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source pgdep(i,k) = pgdep(i,k)*factor pgaut(i,k) = pgaut(i,k)*factor phaut(i,k) = phaut(i,k)*factor piacr(i,k) = piacr(i,k)*factor praci(i,k) = praci(i,k)*factor pracs(i,k) = pracs(i,k)*factor pracg(i,k) = pracg(i,k)*factor psacr(i,k) = psacr(i,k)*factor paacw(i,k) = paacw(i,k)*factor pgaci(i,k) = pgaci(i,k)*factor pgacr(i,k) = pgacr(i,k)*factor pgacs(i,k) = pgacs(i,k)*factor pvapg(i,k) = pvapg(i,k)*factor phacg(i,k) = phacg(i,k)*factor primh(i,k) = primh(i,k)*factor endif ! ! hail ! value = max(qmin,qrs(i,k,4)) source = -(phdep(i,k)+phaut(i,k) & +pgacr(i,k)*(1.-delta2)+pracg(i,k)*(1.-delta2) & +phacw(i,k)+phacr(i,k)+phaci(i,k)+phacs(i,k) & +phacg(i,k)-pvaph(i,k)-primh(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source phdep(i,k) = phdep(i,k)*factor phaut(i,k) = phaut(i,k)*factor pracg(i,k) = pracg(i,k)*factor pgacr(i,k) = pgacr(i,k)*factor phacw(i,k) = phacw(i,k)*factor phaci(i,k) = phaci(i,k)*factor phacr(i,k) = phacr(i,k)*factor phacs(i,k) = phacs(i,k)*factor phacg(i,k) = phacg(i,k)*factor pvaph(i,k) = pvaph(i,k)*factor primh(i,k) = primh(i,k)*factor endif work2(i,k)=-(prevp(i,k)+psdep(i,k)+pgdep(i,k)+phdep(i,k) & +pigen(i,k)+pidep(i,k)) ! ! update ! q(i,k) = q(i,k)+work2(i,k)*dtcld qci(i,k,1) = max(qci(i,k,1)-(praut(i,k)+pracw(i,k) & +paacw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+phacw(i,k))*dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,1) = max(qrs(i,k,1)+(praut(i,k)+pracw(i,k) & +prevp(i,k)-piacr(i,k)-pgacr(i,k) & -psacr(i,k)-phacr(i,k))*dtcld,0.) qci(i,k,2) = max(qci(i,k,2)-(psaut(i,k)+praci(i,k)+psaci(i,k) & +pgaci(i,k)+phaci(i,k)-pigen(i,k)-pidep(i,k)) & *dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,2) = max(qrs(i,k,2)+(psdep(i,k)+psaut(i,k)+paacw(i,k) & +pvapg(i,k)+pvaph(i,k)-pgaut(i,k) & +psaci(i,k)-pgacs(i,k)-phacs(i,k) & +piacr(i,k)*delta3+praci(i,k)*delta3 & +psacr(i,k)*delta2 & -pracs(i,k)*(1.-delta2)) & *dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,3) = max(qrs(i,k,3)+(pgdep(i,k)+pgaut(i,k) & +piacr(i,k)*(1.-delta3)+praci(i,k)*(1.-delta3) & +psacr(i,k)*(1.-delta2)+pgacr(i,k)*delta2 & +pgaci(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+pgacs(i,k)+primh(i,k) & +pracs(i,k)*(1.-delta2)-pracg(i,k)*(1.-delta2) & -phaut(i,k)-pvapg(i,k)-phacg(i,k)) & *dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,4) = max(qrs(i,k,4)+(phdep(i,k)+phaut(i,k) & +pgacr(i,k)*(1.-delta2)+pracg(i,k)*(1.-delta2) & +phacw(i,k)+phacr(i,k)+phaci(i,k)+phacs(i,k) & +phacg(i,k)-pvaph(i,k)-primh(i,k)) & *dtcld,0.) xlf = xls-xl(i,k) xlwork2 = -xls*(psdep(i,k)+pgdep(i,k)+phdep(i,k)+pidep(i,k) & +pigen(i,k))-xl(i,k)*prevp(i,k) & -xlf*(piacr(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+phacw(i,k) & +phacr(i,k)+pgacr(i,k)+psacr(i,k)) t(i,k) = t(i,k)-xlwork2/cpm(i,k)*dtcld else ! T > t0c ! ! cloud water ! value = max(qmin,qci(i,k,1)) source=(praut(i,k)+pracw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+phacw(i,k)) & *dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source praut(i,k) = praut(i,k)*factor pracw(i,k) = pracw(i,k)*factor paacw(i,k) = paacw(i,k)*factor phacw(i,k) = phacw(i,k)*factor endif ! ! rain ! value = max(qmin,qrs(i,k,1)) source = (pseml(i,k)+pgeml(i,k)+pheml(i,k) & -pracw(i,k)-paacw(i,k)-paacw(i,k)-phacw(i,k) & -prevp(i,k)-praut(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source praut(i,k) = praut(i,k)*factor prevp(i,k) = prevp(i,k)*factor pracw(i,k) = pracw(i,k)*factor paacw(i,k) = paacw(i,k)*factor phacw(i,k) = phacw(i,k)*factor pseml(i,k) = pseml(i,k)*factor pgeml(i,k) = pgeml(i,k)*factor pheml(i,k) = pheml(i,k)*factor endif ! ! snow ! value = max(qcrmin,qrs(i,k,2)) source=(pgacs(i,k)+phacs(i,k)-pseml(i,k)-psevp(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source pgacs(i,k) = pgacs(i,k)*factor phacs(i,k) = phacs(i,k)*factor psevp(i,k) = psevp(i,k)*factor pseml(i,k) = pseml(i,k)*factor endif ! ! graupel ! value = max(qcrmin,qrs(i,k,3)) source=-(pgacs(i,k)+pgevp(i,k)+pgeml(i,k)-phacg(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source pgacs(i,k) = pgacs(i,k)*factor pgevp(i,k) = pgevp(i,k)*factor pgeml(i,k) = pgeml(i,k)*factor phacg(i,k) = phacg(i,k)*factor endif ! ! hail ! value = max(qcrmin,qrs(i,k,4)) source=-(phacs(i,k)+phacg(i,k)+phevp(i,k)+pheml(i,k))*dtcld if (source.gt.value) then factor = value/source phacs(i,k) = phacs(i,k)*factor phacg(i,k) = phacg(i,k)*factor phevp(i,k) = phevp(i,k)*factor pheml(i,k) = pheml(i,k)*factor endif work2(i,k)=-(prevp(i,k)+psevp(i,k)+pgevp(i,k)+phevp(i,k)) ! ! update ! q(i,k) = q(i,k)+work2(i,k)*dtcld qci(i,k,1) = max(qci(i,k,1)-(praut(i,k)+pracw(i,k) & +paacw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+phacw(i,k))*dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,1) = max(qrs(i,k,1)+(praut(i,k)+pracw(i,k) & +prevp(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+paacw(i,k)+phacw(i,k) & -pseml(i,k)-pgeml(i,k)-pheml(i,k))*dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,2) = max(qrs(i,k,2)+(psevp(i,k)+pseml(i,k) & -pgacs(i,k)-phacs(i,k))*dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,3) = max(qrs(i,k,3)+(pgacs(i,k)+pgevp(i,k)+pgeml(i,k) & -phacg(i,k))*dtcld,0.) qrs(i,k,4) = max(qrs(i,k,4)+(phacs(i,k)+phacg(i,k)+phevp(i,k) & +pheml(i,k))*dtcld,0.) xlf = xls-xl(i,k) xlwork2 = -xl(i,k)*(prevp(i,k)+psevp(i,k)+pgevp(i,k)+phevp(i,k)) & -xlf*(pseml(i,k)+pgeml(i,k)+pheml(i,k)) t(i,k) = t(i,k)-xlwork2/cpm(i,k)*dtcld endif enddo enddo ! ! Inline expansion for fpvs ! qs(i,k,1) = fpvs(t(i,k),0,rd,rv,cpv,cliq,cice,xlv0,xls,psat,t0c) ! qs(i,k,2) = fpvs(t(i,k),1,rd,rv,cpv,cliq,cice,xlv0,xls,psat,t0c) ! hsub = xls hvap = xlv0 cvap = cpv ttp=t0c+0.01 dldt=cvap-cliq xa=-dldt/rv xb=xa+hvap/(rv*ttp) dldti=cvap-cice xai=-dldti/rv xbi=xai+hsub/(rv*ttp) do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite tr=ttp/t(i,k) qs(i,k,1)=psat*exp(log(tr)*(xa))*exp(xb*(1.-tr)) qs(i,k,1) = min(qs(i,k,1),0.99*p(i,k)) qs(i,k,1) = ep2 * qs(i,k,1) / (p(i,k) - qs(i,k,1)) qs(i,k,1) = max(qs(i,k,1),qmin) tr=ttp/t(i,k) if(t(i,k).lt.ttp) then qs(i,k,2)=psat*exp(log(tr)*(xai))*exp(xbi*(1.-tr)) else qs(i,k,2)=psat*exp(log(tr)*(xa))*exp(xb*(1.-tr)) endif qs(i,k,2) = min(qs(i,k,2),0.99*p(i,k)) qs(i,k,2) = ep2 * qs(i,k,2) / (p(i,k) - qs(i,k,2)) qs(i,k,2) = max(qs(i,k,2),qmin) enddo enddo ! ! pcond: condensational/evaporational rate of cloud water [HL A46] [RH83 A6] ! if there exists additional water vapor condensated/if ! evaporation of cloud water is not enough to remove subsaturation ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite work1(i,k,1) = conden(t(i,k),q(i,k),qs(i,k,1),xl(i,k),cpm(i,k)) work2(i,k) = qci(i,k,1)+work1(i,k,1) pcond(i,k) = min(max(work1(i,k,1)/dtcld,0.),max(q(i,k),0.)/dtcld) if(qci(i,k,1).gt.0..and.work1(i,k,1).lt.0.) & pcond(i,k) = max(work1(i,k,1),-qci(i,k,1))/dtcld q(i,k) = q(i,k)-pcond(i,k)*dtcld qci(i,k,1) = max(qci(i,k,1)+pcond(i,k)*dtcld,0.) t(i,k) = t(i,k)+pcond(i,k)*xl(i,k)/cpm(i,k)*dtcld enddo enddo ! ! padding for small values ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite if(qci(i,k,1).le.qmin) qci(i,k,1) = 0.0 if(qci(i,k,2).le.qmin) qci(i,k,2) = 0.0 enddo enddo enddo ! big loops END SUBROUTINE wsm72d ! ................................................................... REAL FUNCTION rgmma(x) !------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------- ! rgmma function: use infinite product form REAL :: euler PARAMETER (euler=0.577215664901532) REAL :: x, y INTEGER :: i if(x.eq.1.)then rgmma=0. else rgmma=x*exp(euler*x) do i=1,10000 y=float(i) rgmma=rgmma*(1.000+x/y)*exp(-x/y) enddo rgmma=1./rgmma endif END FUNCTION rgmma ! !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- REAL FUNCTION fpvs(t,ice,rd,rv,cvap,cliq,cice,hvap,hsub,psat,t0c) !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !-------------------------------------------------------------------------- REAL t,rd,rv,cvap,cliq,cice,hvap,hsub,psat,t0c,dldt,xa,xb,dldti, & xai,xbi,ttp,tr INTEGER ice ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ttp=t0c+0.01 dldt=cvap-cliq xa=-dldt/rv xb=xa+hvap/(rv*ttp) dldti=cvap-cice xai=-dldti/rv xbi=xai+hsub/(rv*ttp) tr=ttp/t if(t.lt.ttp.and.ice.eq.1) then fpvs=psat*(tr**xai)*exp(xbi*(1.-tr)) else fpvs=psat*(tr**xa)*exp(xb*(1.-tr)) endif ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - END FUNCTION fpvs !------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE wsm7init(den0,denr,dens,cl,cpv,allowed_to_read) !------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLICIT NONE !------------------------------------------------------------------- !.... constants which may not be tunable REAL, INTENT(IN) :: den0,denr,dens,cl,cpv LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: allowed_to_read pi = 4.*atan(1.) xlv1 = cl-cpv ! qc0 = 4./3.*pi*denr*r0**3*xncr/den0 ! 0.419e-3 -- .61e-3 qck1 = .104*9.8*peaut/(xncr*denr)**(1./3.)/xmyu*den0**(4./3.) ! 7.03 pidnc = pi*denr/6. ! bvtr1 = 1.+bvtr bvtr2 = 2.5+.5*bvtr bvtr3 = 3.+bvtr bvtr4 = 4.+bvtr bvtr6 = 6.+bvtr g1pbr = rgmma(bvtr1) g3pbr = rgmma(bvtr3) g4pbr = rgmma(bvtr4) ! 17.837825 g6pbr = rgmma(bvtr6) g5pbro2 = rgmma(bvtr2) ! 1.8273 pvtr = avtr*g4pbr/6. eacrr = 1.0 pacrr = pi*n0r*avtr*g3pbr*.25*eacrr precr1 = 2.*pi*n0r*.78 precr2 = 2.*pi*n0r*.31*avtr**.5*g5pbro2 roqimax = 2.08e22*dimax**8 ! bvts1 = 1.+bvts bvts2 = 2.5+.5*bvts bvts3 = 3.+bvts bvts4 = 4.+bvts g1pbs = rgmma(bvts1) !.8875 g3pbs = rgmma(bvts3) g4pbs = rgmma(bvts4) ! 12.0786 g5pbso2 = rgmma(bvts2) pvts = avts*g4pbs/6. pacrs = pi*n0s*avts*g3pbs*.25 precs1 = 4.*n0s*.65 precs2 = 4.*n0s*.44*avts**.5*g5pbso2 pidn0r = pi*denr*n0r pidn0s = pi*dens*n0s ! pacrc = pi*n0s*avts*g3pbs*.25*eacrc ! bvtg1 = 1.+bvtg bvtg2 = 2.5+.5*bvtg bvtg3 = 3.+bvtg bvtg4 = 4.+bvtg g1pbg = rgmma(bvtg1) g3pbg = rgmma(bvtg3) g4pbg = rgmma(bvtg4) pacrg = pi*n0g*avtg*g3pbg*.25 g5pbgo2 = rgmma(bvtg2) g6pbgh = rgmma(2.75) pvtg = avtg*g4pbg/6. precg1 = 2.*pi*n0g*.78 precg2 = 2.*pi*n0g*.31*avtg**.5*g5pbgo2 precg3 = 2.*pi*n0g*.31*g6pbgh*sqrt(sqrt(4.*deng/3./cd)) pidn0g = pi*deng*n0g ! bvth2 = 2.5+.5*bvth bvth3 = 3.+bvth bvth4 = 4.+bvth g3pbh = rgmma(bvth3) g4pbh = rgmma(bvth4) g5pbho2 = rgmma(bvth2) pacrh = pi*n0h*avth*g3pbh*.25 pvth = avth*g4pbh/6. prech1 = 2.*pi*n0h*.78 prech2 = 2.*pi*n0h*.31*avth**.5*g5pbho2 prech3 = 2.*pi*n0h*.31*g6pbgh*sqrt(sqrt(4.*denh/3./cd)) pidn0h = pi*denh*n0h ! rslopermax = 1./lamdarmax rslopesmax = 1./lamdasmax rslopegmax = 1./lamdagmax rslopehmax = 1./lamdahmax rsloperbmax = rslopermax ** bvtr rslopesbmax = rslopesmax ** bvts rslopegbmax = rslopegmax ** bvtg rslopehbmax = rslopehmax ** bvth rsloper2max = rslopermax * rslopermax rslopes2max = rslopesmax * rslopesmax rslopeg2max = rslopegmax * rslopegmax rslopeh2max = rslopehmax * rslopehmax rsloper3max = rsloper2max * rslopermax rslopes3max = rslopes2max * rslopesmax rslopeg3max = rslopeg2max * rslopegmax rslopeh3max = rslopeh2max * rslopehmax !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ !..Set these variables needed for computing radar reflectivity. These !.. get used within radar_init to create other variables used in the !.. radar module. xam_r = PI*denr/6. xbm_r = 3. xmu_r = 0. xam_s = PI*dens/6. xbm_s = 3. xmu_s = 0. xam_g = PI*deng/6. xbm_g = 3. xmu_g = 0. call radar_init !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ ! END SUBROUTINE wsm7init !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ subroutine slope_wsm7(qrs,den,denfac,t,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & vt,its,ite,kts,kte) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER :: its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte,4) :: & qrs, & rslope, & rslopeb, & rslope2, & rslope3, & vt REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte) :: & den, & denfac, & t REAL, PARAMETER :: t0c = 273.15 REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & n0sfac REAL :: lamdar, lamdas, lamdag, lamdah, x, y, z, supcol integer :: i, j, k !------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! size distributions: (x=mixing ratio, y=air density): ! valid for mixing ratio > 1.e-9 kg/kg. lamdar(x,y)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0r/(x*y))) ! (pidn0r/(x*y))**.25 lamdas(x,y,z)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0s*z/(x*y))) ! (pidn0s*z/(x*y))**.25 lamdag(x,y)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0g/(x*y))) ! (pidn0g/(x*y))**.25 lamdah(x,y)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0h/(x*y))) ! (pidn0h/(x*y))**.25 ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite supcol = t0c-t(i,k) ! ! n0s: Intercept parameter for snow [m-4] [HDC 6] ! n0sfac(i,k) = max(min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax/n0s),1.) if(qrs(i,k,1).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k,1) = rslopermax rslopeb(i,k,1) = rsloperbmax rslope2(i,k,1) = rsloper2max rslope3(i,k,1) = rsloper3max else rslope(i,k,1) = 1./lamdar(qrs(i,k,1),den(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k,1) = rslope(i,k,1)**bvtr rslope2(i,k,1) = rslope(i,k,1)*rslope(i,k,1) rslope3(i,k,1) = rslope2(i,k,1)*rslope(i,k,1) endif if(qrs(i,k,2).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k,2) = rslopesmax rslopeb(i,k,2) = rslopesbmax rslope2(i,k,2) = rslopes2max rslope3(i,k,2) = rslopes3max else rslope(i,k,2) = 1./lamdas(qrs(i,k,2),den(i,k),n0sfac(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k,2) = rslope(i,k,2)**bvts rslope2(i,k,2) = rslope(i,k,2)*rslope(i,k,2) rslope3(i,k,2) = rslope2(i,k,2)*rslope(i,k,2) endif if(qrs(i,k,3).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k,3) = rslopegmax rslopeb(i,k,3) = rslopegbmax rslope2(i,k,3) = rslopeg2max rslope3(i,k,3) = rslopeg3max else rslope(i,k,3) = 1./lamdag(qrs(i,k,3),den(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k,3) = rslope(i,k,3)**bvtg rslope2(i,k,3) = rslope(i,k,3)*rslope(i,k,3) rslope3(i,k,3) = rslope2(i,k,3)*rslope(i,k,3) endif if(qrs(i,k,4).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k,4) = rslopehmax rslopeb(i,k,4) = rslopehbmax rslope2(i,k,4) = rslopeh2max rslope3(i,k,4) = rslopeh3max else rslope(i,k,4) = 1./lamdah(qrs(i,k,4),den(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k,4) = rslope(i,k,4)**bvth rslope2(i,k,4) = rslope(i,k,4)*rslope(i,k,4) rslope3(i,k,4) = rslope2(i,k,4)*rslope(i,k,4) endif vt(i,k,1) = pvtr*rslopeb(i,k,1)*denfac(i,k) vt(i,k,2) = pvts*rslopeb(i,k,2)*denfac(i,k) vt(i,k,3) = pvtg*rslopeb(i,k,3)*denfac(i,k) vt(i,k,4) = pvth*rslopeb(i,k,4)*denfac(i,k) if(qrs(i,k,1).le.0.0) vt(i,k,1) = 0.0 if(qrs(i,k,2).le.0.0) vt(i,k,2) = 0.0 if(qrs(i,k,3).le.0.0) vt(i,k,3) = 0.0 if(qrs(i,k,4).le.0.0) vt(i,k,4) = 0.0 enddo enddo END subroutine slope_wsm7 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------------- subroutine slope_rain(qrs,den,denfac,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & vt,its,ite,kts,kte) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER :: its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte) :: & qrs, & rslope, & rslopeb, & rslope2, & rslope3, & vt, & den, & denfac REAL :: lamdar, x, y integer :: i, j, k !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! size distributions: (x=mixing ratio, y=air density): ! valid for mixing ratio > 1.e-9 kg/kg. lamdar(x,y)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0r/(x*y))) ! (pidn0r/(x*y))**.25 ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k) = rslopermax rslopeb(i,k) = rsloperbmax rslope2(i,k) = rsloper2max rslope3(i,k) = rsloper3max else rslope(i,k) = 1./lamdar(qrs(i,k),den(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k) = rslope(i,k)**bvtr rslope2(i,k) = rslope(i,k)*rslope(i,k) rslope3(i,k) = rslope2(i,k)*rslope(i,k) endif vt(i,k) = pvtr*rslopeb(i,k)*denfac(i,k) if(qrs(i,k).le.0.0) vt(i,k) = 0.0 enddo enddo END subroutine slope_rain !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ subroutine slope_snow(qrs,den,denfac,t,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & vt,its,ite,kts,kte) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER :: its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte) :: & qrs, & rslope, & rslopeb, & rslope2, & rslope3, & vt, & den, & denfac, & t REAL, PARAMETER :: t0c = 273.15 REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) :: & n0sfac REAL :: lamdas, x, y, z, supcol integer :: i, j, k !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! size distributions: (x=mixing ratio, y=air density): ! valid for mixing ratio > 1.e-9 kg/kg. lamdas(x,y,z)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0s*z/(x*y))) ! (pidn0s*z/(x*y))**.25 ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite supcol = t0c-t(i,k) ! ! n0s: Intercept parameter for snow [m-4] [HDC 6] ! n0sfac(i,k) = max(min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax/n0s),1.) if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k) = rslopesmax rslopeb(i,k) = rslopesbmax rslope2(i,k) = rslopes2max rslope3(i,k) = rslopes3max else rslope(i,k) = 1./lamdas(qrs(i,k),den(i,k),n0sfac(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k) = rslope(i,k)**bvts rslope2(i,k) = rslope(i,k)*rslope(i,k) rslope3(i,k) = rslope2(i,k)*rslope(i,k) endif vt(i,k) = pvts*rslopeb(i,k)*denfac(i,k) if(qrs(i,k).le.0.0) vt(i,k) = 0.0 enddo enddo END subroutine slope_snow !---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! !---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- subroutine slope_graup(qrs,den,denfac,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & vt,its,ite,kts,kte) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER :: its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte) :: & qrs, & rslope, & rslopeb, & rslope2, & rslope3, & vt, & den, & denfac REAL :: lamdag, x, y integer :: i, j, k !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! size distributions: (x=mixing ratio, y=air density): ! valid for mixing ratio > 1.e-9 kg/kg. lamdag(x,y)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0g/(x*y))) ! (pidn0g/(x*y))**.25 ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k) = rslopegmax rslopeb(i,k) = rslopegbmax rslope2(i,k) = rslopeg2max rslope3(i,k) = rslopeg3max else rslope(i,k) = 1./lamdag(qrs(i,k),den(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k) = rslope(i,k)**bvtg rslope2(i,k) = rslope(i,k)*rslope(i,k) rslope3(i,k) = rslope2(i,k)*rslope(i,k) endif vt(i,k) = pvtg*rslopeb(i,k)*denfac(i,k) if(qrs(i,k).le.0.0) vt(i,k) = 0.0 enddo enddo END subroutine slope_graup !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------------- subroutine slope_hail(qrs,den,denfac,rslope,rslopeb,rslope2,rslope3, & vt,its,ite,kts,kte) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER :: its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte) :: & qrs, & rslope, & rslopeb, & rslope2, & rslope3, & vt, & den, & denfac REAL :: lamdah, x, y integer :: i, j, k !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! size distributions: (x=mixing ratio, y=air density): ! valid for mixing ratio > 1.e-9 kg/kg. lamdah(x,y)= sqrt(sqrt(pidn0h/(x*y))) ! (pidn0h/(x*y))**.25 ! do k = kts, kte do i = its, ite if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin)then rslope(i,k) = rslopehmax rslopeb(i,k) = rslopehbmax rslope2(i,k) = rslopeh2max rslope3(i,k) = rslopeh3max else rslope(i,k) = 1./lamdah(qrs(i,k),den(i,k)) rslopeb(i,k) = rslope(i,k)**bvth rslope2(i,k) = rslope(i,k)*rslope(i,k) rslope3(i,k) = rslope2(i,k)*rslope(i,k) endif vt(i,k) = pvth*rslopeb(i,k)*denfac(i,k) if(qrs(i,k).le.0.0) vt(i,k) = 0.0 enddo enddo END subroutine slope_hail !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SUBROUTINE nislfv_rain_plm(im,km,denl,denfacl,tkl,dzl,wwl,rql,precip,dt,id,iter) !------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! for non-iteration semi-Lagrangain forward advection for cloud ! with mass conservation and positive definite advection ! 2nd order interpolation with monotonic piecewise linear method ! this routine is under assumption of decfl < 1 for semi_Lagrangian ! ! dzl depth of model layer in meter ! wwl terminal velocity at model layer m/s ! rql cloud density*mixing ration ! precip precipitation ! dt time step ! id kind of precip: 0 test case; 1 raindrop; 2 hail ! iter how many time to guess mean terminal velocity: 0 pure forward. ! 0 : use departure wind for advection ! 1 : use mean wind for advection ! > 1 : use mean wind after iter-1 iterations ! ! author: hann-ming henry juang ! implemented by song-you hong ! !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ implicit none !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ integer im,km,id real dt real dzl(im,km),wwl(im,km),rql(im,km),precip(im) real denl(im,km),denfacl(im,km),tkl(im,km) ! integer i,k,n,m,kk,kb,kt,iter real tl,tl2,qql,dql,qqd real th,th2,qqh,dqh real zsum,qsum,dim,dip,c1,con1,fa1,fa2 real allold, allnew, zz, dzamin, cflmax, decfl real dz(km), ww(km), qq(km), wd(km), wa(km), was(km) real den(km), denfac(km), tk(km) real wi(km+1), zi(km+1), za(km+1) real qn(km), qr(km),tmp(km),tmp1(km),tmp2(km),tmp3(km) real dza(km+1), qa(km+1), qmi(km+1), qpi(km+1) !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ precip(:) = 0.0 ! i_loop : do i=1,im ! ----------------------------------- dz(:) = dzl(i,:) qq(:) = rql(i,:) ww(:) = wwl(i,:) den(:) = denl(i,:) denfac(:) = denfacl(i,:) tk(:) = tkl(i,:) ! ! skip for no precipitation for all layers ! allold = 0.0 do k=1,km allold = allold + qq(k) enddo if(allold.le.0.0) then cycle i_loop endif ! ! compute interface values ! zi(1)=0.0 do k=1,km zi(k+1) = zi(k)+dz(k) enddo ! ! save departure wind ! wd(:) = ww(:) n=1 100 continue ! ! 3rd order interpolation to get wi ! fa1 = 9./16. fa2 = 1./16. wi(1) = ww(1) wi(2) = 0.5*(ww(2)+ww(1)) do k=3,km-1 wi(k) = fa1*(ww(k)+ww(k-1))-fa2*(ww(k+1)+ww(k-2)) enddo wi(km) = 0.5*(ww(km)+ww(km-1)) wi(km+1) = ww(km) ! ! terminate of top of raingroup ! do k=2,km if( ww(k).eq.0.0 ) wi(k)=ww(k-1) enddo ! ! diffusivity of wi ! con1 = 0.05 do k=km,1,-1 decfl = (wi(k+1)-wi(k))*dt/dz(k) if( decfl .gt. con1 ) then wi(k) = wi(k+1) - con1*dz(k)/dt endif enddo ! ! compute arrival point ! do k=1,km+1 za(k) = zi(k) - wi(k)*dt enddo ! do k=1,km dza(k) = za(k+1)-za(k) enddo dza(km+1) = zi(km+1) - za(km+1) ! ! computer deformation at arrival point ! do k=1,km qa(k) = qq(k)*dz(k)/dza(k) qr(k) = qa(k)/den(k) enddo qa(km+1) = 0.0 ! call maxmin(km,1,qa,' arrival points ') ! ! compute arrival terminal velocity, and estimate mean terminal velocity ! then back to use mean terminal velocity ! if( n.le.iter ) then if( id.eq.1 ) then call slope_rain(qr,den,denfac,tmp,tmp1,tmp2,tmp3,wa,1,1,1,km) else if(id.eq.2) then call slope_hail(qr,den,denfac,tmp,tmp1,tmp2,tmp3,wa,1,1,1,km) endif if( n.ge.2 ) wa(1:km)=0.5*(wa(1:km)+was(1:km)) do k=1,km !#ifdef DEBUG ! print*,' slope_wsm3 ',qr(k)*1000.,den(k),denfac(k),tk(k),tmp(k),tmp1(k),tmp2(k),ww(k),wa(k) !#endif ! mean wind is average of departure and new arrival winds ww(k) = 0.5* ( wd(k)+wa(k) ) enddo was(:) = wa(:) n=n+1 go to 100 endif ! ! estimate values at arrival cell interface with monotone ! do k=2,km dip=(qa(k+1)-qa(k))/(dza(k+1)+dza(k)) dim=(qa(k)-qa(k-1))/(dza(k-1)+dza(k)) if( dip*dim.le.0.0 ) then qmi(k)=qa(k) qpi(k)=qa(k) else qpi(k)=qa(k)+0.5*(dip+dim)*dza(k) qmi(k)=2.0*qa(k)-qpi(k) if( qpi(k).lt.0.0 .or. qmi(k).lt.0.0 ) then qpi(k) = qa(k) qmi(k) = qa(k) endif endif enddo qpi(1)=qa(1) qmi(1)=qa(1) qmi(km+1)=qa(km+1) qpi(km+1)=qa(km+1) ! ! interpolation to regular point ! qn = 0.0 kb=1 kt=1 intp : do k=1,km kb=max(kb-1,1) kt=max(kt-1,1) ! ! find kb and kt ! if( zi(k).ge.za(km+1) ) then exit intp else find_kb : do kk=kb,km if( zi(k).le.za(kk+1) ) then kb = kk exit find_kb else cycle find_kb endif enddo find_kb find_kt : do kk=kt,km if( zi(k+1).le.za(kk) ) then kt = kk exit find_kt else cycle find_kt endif enddo find_kt kt = kt - 1 ! ! compute q with piecewise constant method ! if( kt.eq.kb ) then tl=(zi(k)-za(kb))/dza(kb) th=(zi(k+1)-za(kb))/dza(kb) tl2=tl*tl th2=th*th qqd=0.5*(qpi(kb)-qmi(kb)) qqh=qqd*th2+qmi(kb)*th qql=qqd*tl2+qmi(kb)*tl qn(k) = (qqh-qql)/(th-tl) else if( kt.gt.kb ) then tl=(zi(k)-za(kb))/dza(kb) tl2=tl*tl qqd=0.5*(qpi(kb)-qmi(kb)) qql=qqd*tl2+qmi(kb)*tl dql = qa(kb)-qql zsum = (1.-tl)*dza(kb) qsum = dql*dza(kb) if( kt-kb.gt.1 ) then do m=kb+1,kt-1 zsum = zsum + dza(m) qsum = qsum + qa(m) * dza(m) enddo endif th=(zi(k+1)-za(kt))/dza(kt) th2=th*th qqd=0.5*(qpi(kt)-qmi(kt)) dqh=qqd*th2+qmi(kt)*th zsum = zsum + th*dza(kt) qsum = qsum + dqh*dza(kt) qn(k) = qsum/zsum endif cycle intp endif ! enddo intp ! ! rain out ! sum_precip: do k=1,km if( za(k).lt.0.0 .and. za(k+1).lt.0.0 ) then precip(i) = precip(i) + qa(k)*dza(k) cycle sum_precip else if ( za(k).lt.0.0 .and. za(k+1).ge.0.0 ) then precip(i) = precip(i) + qa(k)*(0.0-za(k)) exit sum_precip endif exit sum_precip enddo sum_precip ! ! replace the new values ! rql(i,:) = qn(:) ! ! ---------------------------------- enddo i_loop ! END SUBROUTINE nislfv_rain_plm !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! !------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE nislfv_rain_plm6(im,km,denl,denfacl,tkl,dzl,wwl, & rql,rql2,precip1,precip2,dt,id,iter) !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! ! for non-iteration semi-Lagrangain forward advection for cloud ! with mass conservation and positive definite advection ! 2nd order interpolation with monotonic piecewise linear method ! this routine is under assumption of decfl < 1 for semi_Lagrangian ! ! dzl depth of model layer in meter ! wwl terminal velocity at model layer m/s ! rql cloud density*mixing ration ! precip precipitation ! dt time step ! id kind of precip: 0 test case; 1 raindrop ! iter how many time to guess mean terminal velocity: 0 pure forward. ! 0 : use departure wind for advection ! 1 : use mean wind for advection ! > 1 : use mean wind after iter-1 iterations ! ! author: hann-ming henry juang ! implemented by song-you hong ! !------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none !------------------------------------------------------------------------------- integer im,km,id real dt real dzl(im,km),wwl(im,km) real rql(im,km),rql2(im,km) real precip(im),precip1(im),precip2(im) real denl(im,km),denfacl(im,km),tkl(im,km) ! integer i,k,n,m,kk,kb,kt,iter,ist real tl,tl2,qql,dql,qqd real th,th2,qqh,dqh real zsum,qsum,dim,dip,c1,con1,fa1,fa2 real allold, allnew, zz, dzamin, cflmax, decfl real dz(km), ww(km), qq(km), qq2(km) real wd(km), wa(km), wa2(km), was(km) real den(km), denfac(km), tk(km) real wi(km+1), zi(km+1), za(km+1) real qn(km), qr(km),qr2(km),tmp(km),tmp1(km),tmp2(km),tmp3(km) real dza(km+1), qa(km+1), qa2(km+1),qmi(km+1), qpi(km+1) ! precip(:) = 0.0 precip1(:) = 0.0 precip2(:) = 0.0 ! i_loop : do i=1,im ! ----------------------------------- dz(:) = dzl(i,:) qq(:) = rql(i,:) qq2(:) = rql2(i,:) ww(:) = wwl(i,:) den(:) = denl(i,:) denfac(:) = denfacl(i,:) tk(:) = tkl(i,:) ! skip for no precipitation for all layers allold = 0.0 do k=1,km allold = allold + qq(k) + qq2(k) enddo if(allold.le.0.0) then cycle i_loop endif ! ! compute interface values zi(1)=0.0 do k=1,km zi(k+1) = zi(k)+dz(k) enddo ! ! save departure wind wd(:) = ww(:) n=1 100 continue ! 3rd order interpolation to get wi fa1 = 9./16. fa2 = 1./16. wi(1) = ww(1) wi(2) = 0.5*(ww(2)+ww(1)) do k=3,km-1 wi(k) = fa1*(ww(k)+ww(k-1))-fa2*(ww(k+1)+ww(k-2)) enddo wi(km) = 0.5*(ww(km)+ww(km-1)) wi(km+1) = ww(km) ! ! terminate of top of raingroup do k=2,km if( ww(k).eq.0.0 ) wi(k)=ww(k-1) enddo ! ! diffusivity of wi con1 = 0.05 do k=km,1,-1 decfl = (wi(k+1)-wi(k))*dt/dz(k) if( decfl .gt. con1 ) then wi(k) = wi(k+1) - con1*dz(k)/dt endif enddo ! compute arrival point do k=1,km+1 za(k) = zi(k) - wi(k)*dt enddo ! do k=1,km dza(k) = za(k+1)-za(k) enddo dza(km+1) = zi(km+1) - za(km+1) ! ! computer deformation at arrival point do k=1,km qa(k) = qq(k)*dz(k)/dza(k) qa2(k) = qq2(k)*dz(k)/dza(k) qr(k) = qa(k)/den(k) qr2(k) = qa2(k)/den(k) enddo qa(km+1) = 0.0 qa2(km+1) = 0.0 ! call maxmin(km,1,qa,' arrival points ') ! ! compute arrival terminal velocity, and estimate mean terminal velocity ! then back to use mean terminal velocity if( n.le.iter ) then call slope_snow(qr,den,denfac,tk,tmp,tmp1,tmp2,tmp3,wa,1,1,1,km) call slope_graup(qr2,den,denfac,tmp,tmp1,tmp2,tmp3,wa2,1,1,1,km) do k = 1, km tmp(k) = max((qr(k)+qr2(k)), 1.E-15) IF ( tmp(k) .gt. 1.e-15 ) THEN wa(k) = (wa(k)*qr(k) + wa2(k)*qr2(k))/tmp(k) ELSE wa(k) = 0. ENDIF enddo if( n.ge.2 ) wa(1:km)=0.5*(wa(1:km)+was(1:km)) do k=1,km !#ifdef DEBUG ! print*,' slope_wsm3 ',qr(k)*1000.,den(k),denfac(k),tk(k),tmp(k),tmp1(k),tmp2(k), & ! ww(k),wa(k) !#endif ! mean wind is average of departure and new arrival winds ww(k) = 0.5* ( wd(k)+wa(k) ) enddo was(:) = wa(:) n=n+1 go to 100 endif ist_loop : do ist = 1, 2 if (ist.eq.2) then qa(:) = qa2(:) endif ! precip(i) = 0. ! ! estimate values at arrival cell interface with monotone do k=2,km dip=(qa(k+1)-qa(k))/(dza(k+1)+dza(k)) dim=(qa(k)-qa(k-1))/(dza(k-1)+dza(k)) if( dip*dim.le.0.0 ) then qmi(k)=qa(k) qpi(k)=qa(k) else qpi(k)=qa(k)+0.5*(dip+dim)*dza(k) qmi(k)=2.0*qa(k)-qpi(k) if( qpi(k).lt.0.0 .or. qmi(k).lt.0.0 ) then qpi(k) = qa(k) qmi(k) = qa(k) endif endif enddo qpi(1)=qa(1) qmi(1)=qa(1) qmi(km+1)=qa(km+1) qpi(km+1)=qa(km+1) ! ! interpolation to regular point qn = 0.0 kb=1 kt=1 intp : do k=1,km kb=max(kb-1,1) kt=max(kt-1,1) ! find kb and kt if( zi(k).ge.za(km+1) ) then exit intp else find_kb : do kk=kb,km if( zi(k).le.za(kk+1) ) then kb = kk exit find_kb else cycle find_kb endif enddo find_kb find_kt : do kk=kt,km if( zi(k+1).le.za(kk) ) then kt = kk exit find_kt else cycle find_kt endif enddo find_kt kt = kt - 1 ! compute q with piecewise constant method if( kt.eq.kb ) then tl=(zi(k)-za(kb))/dza(kb) th=(zi(k+1)-za(kb))/dza(kb) tl2=tl*tl th2=th*th qqd=0.5*(qpi(kb)-qmi(kb)) qqh=qqd*th2+qmi(kb)*th qql=qqd*tl2+qmi(kb)*tl qn(k) = (qqh-qql)/(th-tl) else if( kt.gt.kb ) then tl=(zi(k)-za(kb))/dza(kb) tl2=tl*tl qqd=0.5*(qpi(kb)-qmi(kb)) qql=qqd*tl2+qmi(kb)*tl dql = qa(kb)-qql zsum = (1.-tl)*dza(kb) qsum = dql*dza(kb) if( kt-kb.gt.1 ) then do m=kb+1,kt-1 zsum = zsum + dza(m) qsum = qsum + qa(m) * dza(m) enddo endif th=(zi(k+1)-za(kt))/dza(kt) th2=th*th qqd=0.5*(qpi(kt)-qmi(kt)) dqh=qqd*th2+qmi(kt)*th zsum = zsum + th*dza(kt) qsum = qsum + dqh*dza(kt) qn(k) = qsum/zsum endif cycle intp endif ! enddo intp ! ! rain out sum_precip: do k=1,km if( za(k).lt.0.0 .and. za(k+1).lt.0.0 ) then precip(i) = precip(i) + qa(k)*dza(k) cycle sum_precip else if ( za(k).lt.0.0 .and. za(k+1).ge.0.0 ) then precip(i) = precip(i) + qa(k)*(0.0-za(k)) exit sum_precip endif exit sum_precip enddo sum_precip ! ! replace the new values if(ist.eq.1) then rql(i,:) = qn(:) precip1(i) = precip(i) else rql2(i,:) = qn(:) precip2(i) = precip(i) endif enddo ist_loop ! ! ---------------------------------- enddo i_loop ! END SUBROUTINE nislfv_rain_plm6 !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ subroutine refl10cm_wsm7 (qv1d, qr1d, qs1d, qg1d, & t1d, p1d, dBZ, kts, kte, ii, jj) IMPLICIT NONE !..Sub arguments INTEGER, INTENT(IN):: kts, kte, ii, jj REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte), INTENT(IN):: & qv1d, qr1d, qs1d, qg1d, t1d, p1d REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte), INTENT(INOUT):: dBZ !..Local variables REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: temp, pres, qv, rho REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: rr, rs, rg REAL:: temp_C DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: ilamr, ilams, ilamg DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: N0_r, N0_s, N0_g DOUBLE PRECISION:: lamr, lams, lamg LOGICAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: L_qr, L_qs, L_qg REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kte):: ze_rain, ze_snow, ze_graupel DOUBLE PRECISION:: fmelt_s, fmelt_g INTEGER:: i, k, k_0, kbot, n LOGICAL:: melti DOUBLE PRECISION:: cback, x, eta, f_d REAL, PARAMETER:: R=287. !+---+ do k = kts, kte dBZ(k) = -35.0 enddo !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ !..Put column of data into local arrays. !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ do k = kts, kte temp(k) = t1d(k) temp_C = min(-0.001, temp(K)-273.15) qv(k) = MAX(1.E-10, qv1d(k)) pres(k) = p1d(k) rho(k) = 0.622*pres(k)/(R*temp(k)*(qv(k)+0.622)) if (qr1d(k) .gt. 1.E-9) then rr(k) = qr1d(k)*rho(k) N0_r(k) = n0r lamr = (xam_r*xcrg(3)*N0_r(k)/rr(k))**(1./xcre(1)) ilamr(k) = 1./lamr L_qr(k) = .true. else rr(k) = 1.E-12 L_qr(k) = .false. endif if (qs1d(k) .gt. 1.E-9) then rs(k) = qs1d(k)*rho(k) N0_s(k) = min(n0smax, n0s*exp(-alpha*temp_C)) lams = (xam_s*xcsg(3)*N0_s(k)/rs(k))**(1./xcse(1)) ilams(k) = 1./lams L_qs(k) = .true. else rs(k) = 1.E-12 L_qs(k) = .false. endif if (qg1d(k) .gt. 1.E-9) then rg(k) = qg1d(k)*rho(k) N0_g(k) = n0g lamg = (xam_g*xcgg(3)*N0_g(k)/rg(k))**(1./xcge(1)) ilamg(k) = 1./lamg L_qg(k) = .true. else rg(k) = 1.E-12 L_qg(k) = .false. endif enddo !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ !..Locate K-level of start of melting (k_0 is level above). !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ melti = .false. k_0 = kts do k = kte-1, kts, -1 if ( (temp(k).gt.273.15) .and. L_qr(k) & .and. (L_qs(k+1).or.L_qg(k+1)) ) then k_0 = MAX(k+1, k_0) melti=.true. goto 195 endif enddo 195 continue !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ !..Assume Rayleigh approximation at 10 cm wavelength. Rain (all temps) !.. and non-water-coated snow and graupel when below freezing are !.. simple. Integrations of m(D)*m(D)*N(D)*dD. !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ do k = kts, kte ze_rain(k) = 1.e-22 ze_snow(k) = 1.e-22 ze_graupel(k) = 1.e-22 if (L_qr(k)) ze_rain(k) = N0_r(k)*xcrg(4)*ilamr(k)**xcre(4) if (L_qs(k)) ze_snow(k) = (0.176/0.93) * (6.0/PI)*(6.0/PI) & * (xam_s/900.0)*(xam_s/900.0) & * N0_s(k)*xcsg(4)*ilams(k)**xcse(4) if (L_qg(k)) ze_graupel(k) = (0.176/0.93) * (6.0/PI)*(6.0/PI) & * (xam_g/900.0)*(xam_g/900.0) & * N0_g(k)*xcgg(4)*ilamg(k)**xcge(4) enddo !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ !..Special case of melting ice (snow/graupel) particles. Assume the !.. ice is surrounded by the liquid water. Fraction of meltwater is !.. extremely simple based on amount found above the melting level. !.. Uses code from Uli Blahak (rayleigh_soak_wetgraupel and supporting !.. routines). !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ if (melti .and. k_0.ge.kts+1) then do k = k_0-1, kts, -1 !..Reflectivity contributed by melting snow if (L_qs(k) .and. L_qs(k_0) ) then fmelt_s = MAX(0.005d0, MIN(1.0d0-rs(k)/rs(k_0), 0.99d0)) eta = 0.d0 lams = 1./ilams(k) do n = 1, nrbins x = xam_s * xxDs(n)**xbm_s call rayleigh_soak_wetgraupel (x,DBLE(xocms),DBLE(xobms), & fmelt_s, melt_outside_s, m_w_0, m_i_0, lamda_radar, & CBACK, mixingrulestring_s, matrixstring_s, & inclusionstring_s, hoststring_s, & hostmatrixstring_s, hostinclusionstring_s) f_d = N0_s(k)*xxDs(n)**xmu_s * DEXP(-lams*xxDs(n)) eta = eta + f_d * CBACK * simpson(n) * xdts(n) enddo ze_snow(k) = SNGL(lamda4 / (pi5 * K_w) * eta) endif !..Reflectivity contributed by melting graupel if (L_qg(k) .and. L_qg(k_0) ) then fmelt_g = MAX(0.005d0, MIN(1.0d0-rg(k)/rg(k_0), 0.99d0)) eta = 0.d0 lamg = 1./ilamg(k) do n = 1, nrbins x = xam_g * xxDg(n)**xbm_g call rayleigh_soak_wetgraupel (x,DBLE(xocmg),DBLE(xobmg), & fmelt_g, melt_outside_g, m_w_0, m_i_0, lamda_radar, & CBACK, mixingrulestring_g, matrixstring_g, & inclusionstring_g, hoststring_g, & hostmatrixstring_g, hostinclusionstring_g) f_d = N0_g(k)*xxDg(n)**xmu_g * DEXP(-lamg*xxDg(n)) eta = eta + f_d * CBACK * simpson(n) * xdtg(n) enddo ze_graupel(k) = SNGL(lamda4 / (pi5 * K_w) * eta) endif enddo endif do k = kte, kts, -1 dBZ(k) = 10.*log10((ze_rain(k)+ze_snow(k)+ze_graupel(k))*1.d18) enddo end subroutine refl10cm_wsm7 !+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ !----------------------------------------------------------------------- subroutine effectRad_wsm7 (t, qc, qi, qs, rho, qmin, t0c, & re_qc, re_qi, re_qs, kts, kte, ii, jj) !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute radiation effective radii of cloud water, ice, and snow for ! single-moment microphysics. ! These are entirely consistent with microphysics assumptions, not ! constant or otherwise ad hoc as is internal to most radiation ! schemes. ! Coded and implemented by Soo ya Bae, KIAPS, January 2015. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! Sub arguments ! integer, intent(in) :: kts, kte, ii, jj real, intent(in) :: qmin real, intent(in) :: t0c real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(in):: t real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(in):: qc real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(in):: qi real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(in):: qs real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(in):: rho real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(inout):: re_qc real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(inout):: re_qi real, dimension( kts:kte ), intent(inout):: re_qs ! ! Local variables ! integer:: i,k integer :: inu_c real, dimension( kts:kte ):: ni real, dimension( kts:kte ):: rqc real, dimension( kts:kte ):: rqi real, dimension( kts:kte ):: rni real, dimension( kts:kte ):: rqs real :: temp real :: lamdac real :: supcol, n0sfac, lamdas real :: diai ! diameter of ice in m logical :: has_qc, has_qi, has_qs ! ! Minimum microphys values ! real, parameter :: R1 = 1.E-12 real, parameter :: R2 = 1.E-6 ! ! Mass power law relations: mass = am*D**bm ! real, parameter :: bm_r = 3.0 real, parameter :: obmr = 1.0/bm_r real, parameter :: nc0 = 3.E8 !----------------------------------------------------------------------- has_qc = .false. has_qi = .false. has_qs = .false. ! do k = kts, kte ! for cloud rqc(k) = max(R1, qc(k)*rho(k)) if (rqc(k).gt.R1) has_qc = .true. ! for ice rqi(k) = max(R1, qi(k)*rho(k)) temp = (rho(k)*max(qi(k),qmin)) temp = sqrt(sqrt(temp*temp*temp)) ni(k) = min(max(5.38e7*temp,1.e3),1.e6) rni(k)= max(R2, ni(k)*rho(k)) if (rqi(k).gt.R1 .and. rni(k).gt.R2) has_qi = .true. ! for snow rqs(k) = max(R1, qs(k)*rho(k)) if (rqs(k).gt.R1) has_qs = .true. enddo if (has_qc) then do k=kts,kte if (rqc(k).le.R1) CYCLE lamdac = (pidnc*nc0/rqc(k))**obmr re_qc(k) = max(2.51E-6,min(1.5*(1.0/lamdac),50.E-6)) enddo endif if (has_qi) then do k=kts,kte if (rqi(k).le.R1 .or. rni(k).le.R2) CYCLE diai = 11.9*sqrt(rqi(k)/ni(k)) re_qi(k) = max(10.01E-6,min(0.75*0.163*diai,125.E-6)) enddo endif if (has_qs) then do k=kts,kte if (rqs(k).le.R1) CYCLE supcol = t0c-t(k) n0sfac = max(min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax/n0s),1.) lamdas = sqrt(sqrt(pidn0s*n0sfac/rqs(k))) re_qs(k) = max(25.E-6,min(0.5*(1./lamdas), 999.E-6)) enddo endif end subroutine effectRad_wsm7 !----------------------------------------------------------------------- END MODULE module_mp_wsm7